Transcriptome-based exon capture methods provide an approach to recover several hundred markers from genomic DNA, allowing for robust phylogenetic estimation at deep timescales. We applied this method to a highly diverse group of venomous marine snails, Conoidea, for which published phylogenetic trees remain mostly unresolved for the deeper nodes. We targeted 850 protein coding genes (678,322 bp) in ca. 120 samples, spanning all (except one) known families of Conoidea and a broad selection of non-Conoidea neogastropods. The capture was successful for most samples, although capture efficiency decreased when DNA libraries were of insufficient quality and/or quantity (dried samples or low starting DNA concentration) and when targeting the most divergent lineages. An average of 75.4% of proteins was recovered, and the resulting tree, reconstructed using both supermatrix (IQ-tree) and supertree (Astral-II, combined with the Weighted Statistical Binning method) approaches, are almost fully supported. A reconstructed fossil-calibrated tree dates the origin of Conoidea to the Lower Cretaceous. We provide descriptions for two new families. The phylogeny revealed in this study provides a robust framework to reinterpret changes in Conoidea anatomy through time. Finally, we used the phylogeny to test the impact of the venom gland and radular type on diversification rates. Our analyses revealed that repeated losses of the venom gland had no effect on diversification rates, while families with a breadth of radula types showed increases in diversification rates, thus suggesting that trophic ecology may have an impact on the evolution of Conoidea.

ATIMO VATAE, AURORA 2007, BIOPAPUA, CEAMARC-AA, CONCALIS, Restricted, DongSha 2014, EXBODI, GUYANE 2014, ILES DU SALUT, INHACA 2011, KARUBENTHOS 2012, KAVIENG 2014, MAINBAZA, NORFOLK 2, NanHai 2014, PANGLAO 2005, PAPUA NIUGINI, Restricted, SALOMONBOA 3, TAIWAN 2013, TERRASSES, Restricted

The Glypheidea is a group of lobster-like decapods that appeared in the Triassic and that was thought to be extinct until 1975, when a specimen of the species Neoglyphea inopinata was caught off the Philippines. More recently, in 2005, a specimen of another glypheid species, Laurentaeglyphea neocaledonica, was discovered near New Caledonia. Here, we construct a decapod molecular data set including the two extant glypheid species sequenced from eight nuclear and mitochondrial genes. Our study strongly shows that the two extant genera of glypheids cluster together, and further confirms the status of Glypheidea as a separate infraorder. Moreover the reptantian decapods are divided into two major groups, one including Brachyura, Anomura, and Axiidea, and the other including Astacidea, Polychelida, Achelata, and Glypheidea. Although commonly nicknamed 'Jurassic shrimps' and considered as 'living fossils', glypheids are therefore a derived decapod lineage. (C) 2010 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

EBISCO

The Cardiid genus Fulvia is revised based on examination of type material and over 900 lots in relevant muséums. Characters of shell sculpture are regarded as taxonomically more reliable than shape and colour, hitherto the base of spécifie taxonomy in the genus. It is established that Fulvia shares vvith l’epncardium numerous characters, including the présence of ocular organs on siphonal tentacles, and is included hère in the tribe VEPRICARDIINI. Laevifulvia subgen nov. (Type species: F. undatopicta Pilsbry, 1904) is segregated from Fulvia s.s., based on the lack of periostracal insertions on the ribs. Sixteen Indo-Pacific species of récent Fulvia are recognized, of which six are new. The name F. papyracea, hitherto used for a conimon Indo-West Pacific species is shown to represent a rare and restricted species. The name F. fragilis (Forsskal in Niebuhr, 1775) is to be used for most usages of F. papyracea of authors.

CORAIL 2, LAGON

The cardiids of the subfamily Trachycardiinae Stewatt, 1930 (sensu Keen, 1969, genus Papyridea excluded), are reviewed, with special attention given to the geneta Trachycardium, Acrosterigma, and Vasticardium. No change is proposed here to the relatively well-defined taxonomy of Trachycardium, consideted to be exclusively American, with six subgenera, nor to the American Acrosterigma. In contrast, the generic taxonomy of the Indo-Pacific Trachycardiinae, quasi-randomly distributed by authors among the three genera cited above, was not clear and is reevaluated. All of the species are regrouped here into two genera Vasticardium and Acrosterigma which receive clear and usable definitions. The American genus Trachycardium differs widely from them in both hinge and rib morphology. The two genera Vasticardium and Acrosterigma are distinguished mainly by rib motphology. These three genera are now grouped in the subfamily Cardiinae. In several previous articles, I have analyzed in detail the genus Vasticardium, including fifteen Recent species. The results are summarized here. The genus Acrosterigma is represented in America by several fossil species and two Recent species; in the Indo-Pacific, where no general study has previously been undettaken, it is represented by several fossil species (one new) and twenty-five Recent species, of which nine are new; these species are divided into six species-groups. Neotypes ate proposed for Cardium magnum Linné, 1758 and Cardium biradiatum Bruguière, 1789 and lectotypes for Cardium laevigatum Linné, 1758, Cardium serratum Linné, 1758, and Cardium marmoreum Lamarck, 1819.

BATHUS 1, BATHUS 4, CHALCAL 1, CHALCAL 2, CORAIL 2, LAGON, MD32 (REUNION), MONTROUZIER, MUSORSTOM 5, MUSORSTOM 6, MUSORSTOM 7, Restricted, Restricted

The fauna of the tropical Indo-west Pacific is exceptionally diverse but poorly known with even relatively well-studied faunal components yielding new species after careful study, novel approaches (e.g., delineation of cryptic species via molecular analyses) and/or rigorous collection efforts. In an attempt to quantify the biodiversity of the western Pacific molluscan fauna, comprehensive, systematic collecting expeditions have been made since 1978, with a focus on New Caledonia. Building on earlier studies of cardiids from the western Pacific, we report one new genus of cardiid (Pseudofulvia n. gen.) and 10 new cardiid taxa from the area: Acrosterigma capricorne n. sp., Fulvia (Fulvia) colorata n. sp., F. (F.) vepris n. sp., F. (Laevifulvia) subquadrata n. sp., F. (L.) imperfecta n. sp., Pseudofulvia caledonica n. gen., n. sp., P. arago n. gen., n. sp., Ctenocardia gustavi n. sp., C. fi jianum n. sp., C. (Microfragum) subfestivum n. sp. The new species are easily differentiated from conspecifics in details of hinge, dentition, lunular shape and area, rib number and/or rib ornamentation, but often diff er in gross morphological features, such as coloration, shape and size as well. Ctenocardia gustavi n. sp., C. (Microfragum) subfestivum n. sp. and Pseudofulvia caledonica n. gen., n. sp. are relatively large-bodied, with a wide distribution throughout the western Pacifi c. In contrast, Acrosterigma capricorne n. sp. and Pseudofulvia arago n. gen., n. sp. are known only from the Austral Islands and considering the intensive collecting efforts in the region, they appear restricted in their distributions.

BATHUS 1, BATHUS 2, BATHUS 3, BATHUS 4, BENTHAUS, BERYX 11, BIOGEOCAL, BORDAU 1, BORDAU 2, CHALCAL 1, CORAIL 2, LAGON, LIFOU 2000, MONTROUZIER, MUSORSTOM 10, MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 5, MUSORSTOM 6, MUSORSTOM 7, MUSORSTOM 8, MUSORSTOM 9, PANGLAO 2004, SALOMON 1, SMIB 2, Restricted, VAUBAN 1978-1979