SANTO 2006

SANTO 2006

SANTO 2006

SANTO 2006

SANTO 2006

Submarine slopes and basins off New-Caledonia (South-Western Pacifie); morphology, biosedimentary environments, sedimentation During the Biocal deep-sea cruise off New-Caledonia, fauna and sediments were sampled and Seabeam maps were drawn. The first geological results are as follows: - block-faulting determines the morphology of the slopes, their erosion and the transport of sediments along them towards the Loyalty basin plain; - erosion is predominant in the studied areas of the western Caledonian slopes and along the slopes off Lifou island where the canyons are broad and scattered, whereas in front of the "passe de Thio", through the reefal barrier, a relatively high detritic influx transits through several narrow canyons; - the Loyalty basin has been explored along the Thio-Lifou transect; it exhibits a flat bottom and is fed mainly from the eastern Caledonian slopes by calcareous and argilaceous turbidites, which spread eastward over nearly 50 km and interfinger with hemipelagites; - the sediments are constituted by 5 distinct components: 15 to 50% of detritics from New-Caledonia (mainly clay minerais, iron oxydes and silicate minerais); 15 to 25% bioclastic silts and sands derived from the reefal ring and from the lagoon; mixed bioclasts ( 1 to 20%) furnished by benthonic communities living on the slopes and in the basin; planktonic debris (30 to 75%) with a dominant fraction composed of foraminifers and pteropods; and volcanic debris (0,5 to 10%). A sedimentation rate of about 6cm/1000 years (between 16000 and 5000 years B.P.)has been estimated from the explored sector of the Loyalty basin.

BIOCAL

Submarine slopes and basins off New-Caledonia (South-Western Pacifie); morphology, biosedimentary environments, sedimentation During the Biocal deep-sea cruise off New-Caledonia, fauna and sediments were sampled and Seabeam maps were drawn. The first geological results are as follows: - block-faulting determines the morphology of the slopes, their erosion and the transport of sediments along them towards the Loyalty basin plain; - erosion is predominant in the studied areas of the western Caledonian slopes and along the slopes off Lifou island where the canyons are broad and scattered, whereas in front of the "passe de Thio", through the reefal barrier, a relatively high detritic influx transits through several narrow canyons; - the Loyalty basin has been explored along the Thio-Lifou transect; it exhibits a flat bottom and is fed mainly from the eastern Caledonian slopes by calcareous and argilaceous turbidites, which spread eastward over nearly 50 km and interfinger with hemipelagites; - the sediments are constituted by 5 distinct components: 15 to 50% of detritics from New-Caledonia (mainly clay minerais, iron oxydes and silicate minerais); 15 to 25% bioclastic silts and sands derived from the reefal ring and from the lagoon; mixed bioclasts ( 1 to 20%) furnished by benthonic communities living on the slopes and in the basin; planktonic debris (30 to 75%) with a dominant fraction composed of foraminifers and pteropods; and volcanic debris (0,5 to 10%). A sedimentation rate of about 6cm/1000 years (between 16000 and 5000 years B.P.) has been estimated from the explored sector of the Loyalty basin. Oceanologica Acta, 1989, 11, 2, 131-140.

BIOCAL

MUSORSTOM 8, SANTO 2006

The centre of marine maximum marine biodiversity has become increasingly important as a means to draw attention to the conservation of coral reefs. Due to its shape, it has been named the Coral Triangle, which is supposed to encompass all or some of the reefs of the Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Timor-Leste, Papua New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands. The criteria used to define this diversity centre as it is presently recognized, are based on high numbers of species recorded from within this centre. However, data within and, especially, from outside the centre's hypothetical boundaries are far from complete due to insufficient sampling. Ideally, study areas should be surveyed by the same scientits using the same methods for reaching any conclusions regarding their position in or outside the centre of maximum marine biodiversity.

SANTO 2006

SANTO 2006

BIOCAL, BIOGEOCAL, CALSUB

Les campagnes BIOCAL et BIOGEOCAL ont permis d'effectuer de nombreux prélèvements de sédiments récents dans le bassin des Loyauté à l'aide d'un carottier Usnel (KG) et d'un carottier Kullenberg (KK) (Fig. 1). La plupart d'entre eux se situe en bas des pentes et au centre du bassin. La partie haute des pentes a été rarement échantillonnée, mais en revanche, a fait l’objet d'observations directes lors de la campagne CALSUB (cf. Rio et al., ce volume). Au SW, le bassin est bordé par un récif barrière discontinu isolant un lagon relativement profond, tandis qu'au NE, l'atoll soulevé de Lifou ne possède que des récifs frangeants et un étroit palier littoral avant l'amorce du talus très pentu (cf. Roux, ce volume). Les résultats de la campagne BIOCAL (Cotillon et al., 1989b) ont indiqué que la sédimentation récente depuis 30.000 ans est constituée de boues hémipélagiques fines interrompues par des niveaux bioclastiques resédimentés. Nous présentons ici une analyse plus complète de la distribution des composants carbonatés dans les sédiments profonds, afin d'en cerner les différentes origines et d'apporter des informations supplémentaires sur la dynamique sédimentaire.

BIOCAL, BIOGEOCAL, CALSUB

MUSORSTOM 8, SANTO 2006

This article introduces the biodiversity survey “Our Planet Reviewed” in the south of French Guiana organized in February-March and August 2015. It has enabled more than 50 scientists to inventory the following groups: Actinopterygii, Amphibia, Annelida, Arachnida, Insecta, Mollusca and Squamata, with a particular effort on diverse and little-known orders, such as Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera and Hymenoptera. The forested area under investigation presents a mosaic of hills and inselbergs, with a wide variety of ecosystems. The main objectives were to discover new species for science, report first records for French Guiana, and establish a baseline inventory for biogeographic studies. The organisation of the field trip and post-field phase are supported by coordinators of major taxonomic groups. Authorisations and associated commitments, including Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) are specified. The sampling effort, in terms of number and diversity of methods, is certainly the largest ever made in French Guiana over a short period of time. Thirteen different trap types were used including four types of interception traps and nine types of attraction-based traps. Active research methods (13 techniques) and extraction from the substrate (five techniques, including Winkler sieves, emergence from dead wood, etc.) completed the sampling array. The sample processing procedure describes the difference between active collecting and the longer and more complex process of processing massive samples of traps such as window pane flight intercept traps, Malaise traps, colored pan traps and automatic light traps. After a sorting phase that lasted less than a year for most groups, a network of 165 taxonomic experts was mobilized by the coordinators to study the sorted specimens. The data are stored and managed in an observations database and in the database of the collections of the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (Paris). Data are widely disseminated, notably in France via the Inventaire national du Patrimoine naturel (INPN) and internationally by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). This introductory article will be supplemented by a second paper, which will analyse research results three years after the survey and assess the effectiveness of the expedition in advancing taxonomic knowledge.

MITARAKA

SANTO 2006

SANTO 2006