SMIB 1, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 4, SMIB 5, SMIB 6, SMIB 8, SMIB 9

Lobsters are a ubiquitous and economically important group of decapod crustaceans that include the infraorders Polychelida, Glypheidea, Astacidea andAchelata. They include familiar forms such as the spiny, slipper, clawed lobsters and crayfish and unfamiliar forms such as the deep-sea and “living fossil” species. The high degree of morphological diversity among these infraorders has led to a dynamic classification and conflicting hypotheses of evolutionary relationships. In this study, we estimated phylogenetic relationships among the major groups of all lobster families and 94% of the genera using six genes (mitochondrial and nuclear) and 195 morphological characters across 173 species of lobsters for the most comprehensive sampling to date. Lobsters were recovered as a non-monophyletic assemblage in the combined (molecular + morphology) analysis. All families were monophyletic, with the exception of Cambaridae, and 7 of 79 generawere recovered as poly- or paraphyletic. A rich fossil history coupled with dense taxon coverage allowed us to estimate and compare divergence times and origins of major lineages using two drastically different approaches. Age priors were constructed and/or included based on fossil age information or fossil discovery, age, and extant species count data. Results from the two approaches were largely congruent across deep to shallow taxonomic divergences across major lineages. The origin of the first lobster-like decapod (Polychelida) was estimated in the Devonian (∼409–372 Ma) with all infraorders present in the Carboniferous (∼353–318 Ma). Fossil calibration subsampling studies examined the influence of sampling density (number of fossils) and placement (deep, middle, and shallow) on divergence time estimates. Results fromour study suggest including at least 1 fossil per 10 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in divergence dating analyses.

BERYX 11, EBISCO, MUSORSTOM 1

Many Amazonian frog species that are considered widely distributed may actually represent polyspecific complexes.. A minute tree frog from the Guiana Shield originally assigned to the allegedly widely distributed Dendropsophus brevifrons proved to be a yet undescribed species within the D. parviceps group. We herein describe this new species and present a phylogeny for the D. parviceps group. The new species is diagnosed from other Dendropsophus of the parviceps group by its small body size (19.6–21.7 mm in males, 22.1–24.5 mm in females), thighs dorsally dark grey with cream blotches without bright yellow patch, absence of dorsolateral and canthal stripe, and an advertisement call comprising trills (length 0.30–0.35 s) composed of notes emitted at a rate of 131–144 notes/s, generally followed by click series of 2–3 notes. Its tadpole is also singular by having fused lateral marginal papillae and absence of both labial teeth and submarginal papillae. Genetic distances (p-distance) are >5.3% on the 12S and >9.3% on the 16S from D. brevifrons, its closest relative. This species occurs from the Brazilian state of Amapá, across French Guiana and Suriname to central Guyana and is likely to also occur in adjacent Brazilian states and eastern Venezuela. This species is not rare but is difficult to collect because of its arboreal habits and seasonal activity peaks.

MITARAKA

Holopodidae is one of the three families in the order Cyrtocrinida that have extant representatives. Two genera have been described, Holopus and Cyathidium, both with extant species and fossil representatives dating back to the Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous). Eocene (Lutetian) holopodid material from the Chiampo Valley (north-eastern Italy) has recently been attributed to H. spileccense, the type-stratum and locality of which is the Ypresian of the nearby Spilecco Hill, and to C. gastaldii known from the Miocene of Turin. Here we describe new holopodid material from both Chiampo and Spilecco, comprising cups and numerous brachials. Using qualitative and quantitative characters, the Chiampo holopodids are deemed to be assignable to two new species: Holopus fabianii sp. nov. and Cyathidium chiampoensis sp. nov. The Chiampo material includes the first records of keystone plates and distal brachials for an extinct species of Holopus. New proximal brachials are described for H. spileccense but no keystone plate was found for this species. Access to the holotype of Cyathidium gastaldii has enabled a description of the specimen and a first diagnosis for the species. Formerly described cups, as well as a newly collected one, are attributed to Cyathidium sp. due to the lack of diagnostic characters. The affinities between H. spileccense, H. fabianii sp. nov. and the extant Indo-Pacific H. alidis suggest that these three species might share a common Gondwanan origin.

BORDAU 2, KARUBENTHOS 2, MUSORSTOM 6

Sibogacrinus anomalus is a feather star species of which only one specimen was known until recently. It has been historically attributed to Atelecrinidae from which it was excluded and later reintroduced by C. Messing. A second specimen has recently been collected off Papua New Guinea. Here, we compare observations based on X-ray tomography for S. anomalus and eight specimens sampled from the genera Atelecrinus, Paratelecrinus and Adelatelecrinus. In addition to the external morphological characters from the literature, we describe the articulations between basals, radials and the centrodorsal, as well as characters of the axillary brachials. Another difference concerns the canals for the aboral nervous system within the radial. Comparison of these characters between Sibogacrinus anomalus and representatives of the genera Atelecrinus, Adelatelecrinus and Paratelecrinus suggests that Sibogacrinus does not belong to the family Atelecrinidae.

BIOPAPUA, BORDAU 2, KARUBENTHOS 2, MIRIKY, SALOMON 1, SALOMON 2

We assess variation of male secondary sexual structures, genitalia, and wing patterns in Theritas lisus (Stoll) and relatives to clarify the species level taxonomy, which is needed for a phylogenetic analysis. Variation in the male ventral hindwing scent pouch was especially useful taxonomically. This pouch may be absent, present without androconia, or present with androconia in T. lisus. Despite this variation, pouch size (when present) distinguishes T. lisus from its closest relatives. As an overview, we propose distinguishing traits for a phenetic T. lisus species group, re-examine and confirm the proposed synonymies of T. hisbon and T. orsina with T. lisus and of T. photeinos with T. viresco, confirm the association of the sexes of T. lisus and T. viresco, and describe Theritas silma Martins, Faynel, & Robbins, new species, from French Guiana. CO1 mitochondrial sequences are consistent with these taxonomic results, but the recently introduced barcode index numbers (BINs) recognized too many species. A nomenclatural list summarizes the taxonomic actions in the T. lisus species group.

MITARAKA

One known drimane sesquiterpene (1) and five new ones (2-6) have been isolated from the sponge Dysidea fusca. Their structures were elucidated mainly by 2D NMR. The relative stereochemistry at C-11 of 1 has been corrected to H-11 beta.

SMIB 1, SMIB 10, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 4, SMIB 5, SMIB 6, SMIB 9

The systematics of the Laurencia complex was investigated using a taxon-rich data set including the chloroplast ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit (rbcL) gene only and a character-rich data set combining mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (COI-5P), the rbcL marker, and the nuclear large subunit of the ribosomal operon (LSU). Bayesian and ML analyses of these data sets showed that three species hitherto placed in the genus Laurencia J.V.Lamour. were not closely related to Laurencia s. str. Laurencia caspica Zinova & Zaberzhinskaya was the sister group of the remaining Osmundea Stackh. species, L. crustiformans McDermid joined Palisada and L. fl exilis Setch. consisted of an independent lineage. In light of these results a new genus, Ohelopapa F.Rousseau, Martin-Lescanne, Payri & L.Le Gall gen. nov., is proposed to accommodate L. fl exilis. This new genus is morphologically characterized by four pericentral cells in each vegetative axial segment; however, it lacks ‘corps en cerise’ in cortical cells and secondary pit connections between cortical cells, which are characteristic of Laurencia. Three novel combinations are proposed to render the classifi cation closer to a natural system: Ohelopapa fl exilis (Setch.) F.Rousseau, Martin-Lescanne, Payri & L.Le Gall comb. nov., Osmundea caspica (Zinova & Zaberzhinskaya) Maggs & L.M.McIvor comb. nov. and Palisada crustiformans (McDermid) A.R.Sherwood, A.Kurihara & K.W.Nam comb. nov.

KARUBENTHOS 2012

Lack of resolution on species boundaries and distribution can hamper inferences in many fields of biology, notably biogeography and conservation biology. This is particularly true in megadiverse and undersurveyed regions such as Amazonia, where species richness remains vastly underestimated. Integrative approaches using a combination of phenotypic and molecular evidence have proved extremely successful in reducing knowledge gaps in species boundaries, especially in animal groups displaying high levels of cryptic diversity like amphibians. Here we combine molecular data (mitochondrial 16S rRNA and nuclear TYR, POMC, and RAG1) from 522 specimens of Anomaloglossus, a frog genus endemic to the Guiana Shield, including 16 of the 26 nominal species, with morphometrics, bioacoustics, tadpole development mode, and habitat use to evaluate species delineation in two lowlands species groups. Molecular data reveal the existence of 18 major mtDNA lineages among which only six correspond to described species. Combined with other lines of evidence, we confirm the existence of at least 12 Anomaloglossus species in the Guiana Shield lowlands. Anomaloglossus appears to be the only amphibian genus to have largely diversified within the eastern part of the Guiana Shield. Our results also reveal strikingly different phenotypic evolution among lineages. Within the A. degranvillei group, one subclade displays acoustic and morphological conservatism, while the second subclade displays less molecular divergence but clear phenotypic divergence. In the A. stepheni species group, a complex evolutionary diversification in tadpole development is observed, notably with two closely related lineages each displaying exotrophic and endotrophic tadpoles.

MITARAKA

BATHUS 3, REVOLTA III