PAPUA NIUGINI

The exploratory bottorn trawling survey HALIPRO 2 was carried out from 4 to 28 November 1996 on board the New Zealand research vessel Tangaroa of NIWA (National Institut ofWater and Atrnospheric Research Ltd). It was aimed at identification of deep fishery resources over the Norfolk Ridge and the southern part of the Loyalty Ridge. This zone, the area of which is 73000 square km, was previously rnapped during the seabed rnapping survey ZoNéCo 1. A trawl similar to the one used by the New Zealand commercial deep bottom fishing boats was used. Amongst 35 persons on board, 17 were scientists from different countries with different fields of research. A total of 3755 nautical miles were covered and 106 hauls were made. The environment was studied through temperature and salinity profils down to 1500 m and CUITent records down to 300 ffi. The presence of alfonsino (Beryx splerulens) was confirmed over the summits of the seamounts where this species was exploited by bottom longlining from 1988 to 1991. Hauls made over slopes and plains did not allow the catch of any specimen of orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus). Hard and rough bottoms on the summits and flanks of the seamounts make awkward the use of bottom trawls. HALIPRO 2 showed the high species diversity of the fauna (275 species of fish belonging to 101 families). In particular, 42 different species of shark and ray were collected of which 40% are new to science. Many samples were collected for further analysis. This survey will no doubt remain a perfect exemple of a fruitful collaboration with New Zealand.

HALIPRO 2

Marine reserve placement must account for the importance of places for resource use to minimize negative socioeconomic impacts and improve compliance. It is often assumed that placing marine reserves in locations that minimize lost fishing opportunities will reduce impacts on coastal communities, but the influence of the fishing data used on this outcome remains poorly understood. In the Madang Lagoon (Papua New Guinea), we compared three types of proxies for conservation costs to local fishing communities. We developed two types of proxies of opportunity costs commonly used in marine conservation planning: current fishing activity with fisher surveys (n = 68) and proximity from shore. We also developed proxies based on areas of importance for fishing as perceived by surveyed households (n = 52). Although all proxies led to different configurations of potential marine reserves, the three types of cost data reflect different aspects of importance for fishing and should be used as complementary measures.

PAPUA NIUGINI