The Ranellidae, Bursidae and Personidae from the New Caledonia region (including the Loyalty Islands, the Coral Sea and the New Hebrides Arc) are monographed based on the results of an extensive collecting effort totalling more than 1000 stations. Seventy-three species are recorded, with numerous range extensions. One of the more remarkable aspects of this fauna is the uniquely diverse deep-water tonnoidean assemblage, dominated by species such as Bursa fijiensis, B. latitudo, B. quirihorai, species of Distorsio, Sassia remensa, and less common small personids in the genera Distorsionella and Personopsis. The number of species of New Caledonian Personidae is the highest yet recorded. The Personopsis species are the first modem ones correctly referred to the genus. Revisions are provided of Biplex, Gyrineum, Cyinatium (Gelagna), the Cymatium vespaceum, C. tenuiliratum and Bursa latitudo species groups, of southwest Pacific species of Sassia, and of several Cymatium (Ranularia) and Distorsio species. New genera proposed are Halgyrineum (Ranellidae) and Distorsomina (Personidae). Seven new species are proposed: Biplex bozzettii (from Somalia and southem India), Gyrineum longicaudatum (from the tropical westem Pacific), Cymatium pemiiketi (from Oman), Distorsio parvimpedita, Distorsionella pseudaphera, Personopsis purpurata and P. trigonaperta (all from New Caledonia). The nomenclature of numerous taxa is stabilized by the designation of neotypes and lectotypes for nominal species named by A. Adams & Reeve, Broderip, Deshayes, Dillwyn, Dunker, Fulton, Gmelin, Gould, Gray, Iredale, Jousseaume, Kuenen. Küster, Lamarck, Linné, Martin. Mighels, d'Orbigny, Perry, Reeve, Röding, Salis Marschlins, Schepman, Schumacher, G B. Sowerby II, and Wood.

BATHUS 1, BATHUS 2, BATHUS 3, BATHUS 4, BENTHEDI, BERYX 11, BIOCAL, BIOGEOCAL, CALSUB, CHALCAL 1, CHALCAL 2, CORAIL 2, CORINDON 2, GEMINI, HALICAL 1, HALIPRO 1, KARUBAR, LAGON, MD32 (REUNION), MONTROUZIER, MUSORSTOM 1, MUSORSTOM 2, MUSORSTOM 3, MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 5, MUSORSTOM 6, MUSORSTOM 7, MUSORSTOM 8, SMCB, SMIB 1, SMIB 10, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 4, SMIB 5, SMIB 6, SMIB 8, SMIB 9, VAUBAN 1978-1979, VOLSMAR

SMIB 1, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 4, SMIB 5, SMIB 8, SMIB 9

The Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD, formerly ORSTOM) and Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (MNHN) launched in the early 1980s a suite of oceanographic expeditions to sample the deep-water benthos of the tropical South and West Pacific, with emphasis on the 100-1,500 m bathymetric zone. This paper reviews the development of this programme to date. It describes the procedures involved in curating the material collected and the involvement of an international network of taxonomic experts to identify, describe and name the molluscan fauna. So far, 1,028 species of molluscs have been recorded from the New Caledonia Exclusive Economic Zone from depths below 100 m, and 601 of these (58.4%) were new species. An additional 142 new species have been described from other South Pacifi c island groups (Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Fiji, Wallis and Futuna, Tonga, Marquesas Islands and Austral Islands). However, the hyper-diverse families have essentially remained untouched. Regional differences among island groups are high, and New Caledonia, which has been sampled best, shows several discrete areas of micro-endemism. We speculate that the deep-sea mollusc fauna of New Caledonia may amount to 15-20,000 species, and the corresponding number for the whole South Pacifi c may be in the order of 20-30,000 species.

AURORA 2007, AZTEQUE, BATHUS 1, BATHUS 2, BATHUS 3, BATHUS 4, BENTHAUS, BERYX 11, BERYX 2, BIOCAL, BIOGEOCAL, BOA0, BOA1, BORDAU 1, BORDAU 2, CALSUB, CHALCAL 1, CHALCAL 2, CONCALIS, CORAIL 2, CORINDON 2, GEMINI, HALICAL 1, HALIPRO 1, HALIPRO 2, KARUBAR, LAGON, LITHIST, LUMIWAN 2008, MUSORSTOM 1, MUSORSTOM 10, MUSORSTOM 2, MUSORSTOM 3, MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 5, MUSORSTOM 6, MUSORSTOM 7, MUSORSTOM 8, MUSORSTOM 9, NORFOLK 1, NORFOLK 2, PALEO-SURPRISE, PANGLAO 2005, SALOMON 1, SALOMON 2, SALOMONBOA 3, SANTO 2006, SMCB, SMIB 1, SMIB 10, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 4, SMIB 5, SMIB 6, SMIB 8, SMIB 9, TAIWAN 2000, TAIWAN 2001, TAIWAN 2002, TAIWAN 2004, VAUBAN 1978-1979, VOLSMAR

SMIB 1, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 4, SMIB 5, SMIB 6, SMIB 8, SMIB 9

Biologically active sesterterpenes of the manoalide family, thorectolide monoacetate (1) co-occurring with thorectolide (2), were isolated from a marine sponge Hyrtios sp. collected in New Caledonia.

SMIB 1, SMIB 10, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 4, SMIB 5, SMIB 6, SMIB 8, SMIB 9

Lutoside, an unusual acyl-l-(acyl-6'-mannobiosyl)-3-glycerol 1 was isolated from the sponge-associated bacterial strain Microccocus luteus. Sructure elucidation was performed by sprectroscopic analysis and chemical transformations.

SMIB 1, SMIB 10, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 4, SMIB 5, SMIB 6, SMIB 8, SMIB 9

This work deals with 31 species of Sicyonia H. Milne Edwards, 1830, based on the collections made by the IRD (ex ORSTOM) and the Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, and on the collections of 28 other museums. Nineteen species are considered valid: S. australiensis Hanamura Wadley, 1998; S. benthophila de Man, 1907; S. bispinosa de Haan, 1850; S. curvirostris Balss, 1913; S. fallax de Man, 1907; S. furcata Miers, 1878; S. inflexa (Kubo, 1949); S. japonica Balss, 1914; S. laevis Bate, 1881; S. lancifer (Olivier, 1811); S. longicauda Rathbun, 1906; S. nasica Burukovsky, 1990; S. ocellata Stimpson, 1860; S. parafallax Crosnier, 1995; S. parvula de Haan, 1850; S. rectirostris de Man, 1907; S. trispinosa de Man, 1907; S. truncata (Kubo, 1949) and S. vitulans (Kubo, 1949). Four species are considered to be synonyms: S. cristata (de Haan, 1844) = S. lancifer; S. formosa (Chan & Yu, 1985) = S. furcata; S. ommanneyi Hall, 1961 = S. ocellata; S. nebulosa Kubo, 1949 = S. laevis. Twelve species are described as new: S. abathophila n. sp., S. adunca n. sp., S. altirostrum n. sp., S. dejouanneti n. sp., S. komai n. sp., S. longicornis n. sp., S. metavitulans n. sp., S. parajaponica n. sp., S. robusta n. sp., S. rocroi n. sp., S. rotunda n. sp. and S. taiwanesis n. sp. Some forms, near S. australiensis and S. dejouanneti n. sp., are mentioned but not named because the material available is insufficient. An attempt is made to classify the Indo-West Pacific species of Sicyonia into eight groups. Some groups are coherent, while others are certainly artificial. Some species cannot be placed in any of the groups and the placement of several species known from one sex only remains hazardous. An identification key is presented. Particular care was taken in illustrating the genitalia, which provide the most important characters for recognizing the species. Colour photographs show the coloration of living specimens of 17 species. Depth zones and geographic distributions of all the species are presented in tabular form. As with previous studies, high species diversity of the Philippines-Indonesia fauna is evident, as well as the reduction of the number of species when one moves away from the area, except for New Caledonian area because of the unusually high h density of the samples collected in this area.

???msg.security.private???, AZTEQUE, BATHUS 1, BATHUS 2, BATHUS 3, BATHUS 4, BENTHEDI, BERYX 11, BERYX 2, BIOCAL, BIOGEOCAL, BORDAU 1, BORDAU 2, CHALCAL 1, CHALCAL 2, CORAIL 2, CORINDON 2, HALIPRO 1, HALIPRO 2, KARUBAR, LAGON, LITHIST, MONTROUZIER, MUSORSTOM 1, MUSORSTOM 10, MUSORSTOM 2, MUSORSTOM 3, MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 5, MUSORSTOM 6, MUSORSTOM 7, MUSORSTOM 8, MUSORSTOM 9, PALEO-SURPRISE, ???msg.security.private???, ???msg.security.private???, SMIB 1, SMIB 10, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 4, SMIB 5, SMIB 6, SMIB 8, SMIB 9, ???msg.security.private???, TAIWAN 2000, VAUBAN 1978-1979, VOLSMAR

SMIB 1, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 4, SMIB 5, SMIB 6, SMIB 8, SMIB 9

Agelastatin A (l),a n unusual alkaloid ofthe axinellid sponge Agelas dendromorpha from the Coral Sea, can be selectively acetylated (+ 7) or methylated at OH-C(8a) (-+ 4), peracetylated (+ 8) or permethylated at OH-C(8a), NH(5), and NH(6) (+5), or, finally, subjected to C(9)-C(8a) (+ 14) or C(Sb)-C(Sa)B-elirnination (+11-13), in a regiospecific manner or not, depending on the reaction conditions. Under acidic conditions, compound 12 adds H,O or MeOH, regioselectively though not endolexo stereoselectively, giving transoidlcisoid mixtures 1/18 or 4/19, respectively. Similarly 11 or 13 add MeOH to give mixtures (-)-2/20 or 15/16, respectively. Compound 13 also adds AcOH giving mixture 8/17. The intermediate cisoid form obtained on treatment of 21 with H30+ undergoes N(5)-N(6) bridging affording pentacyclic 22 which constitutes a proof for the cisoid configuration. From conformational studies, rules are devised that allow assigning the configuration of these compounds from NMR data. In vitro comparative cytotoxicity assays of these compounds show that for high cytotoxic activity, such as of 1 in vivo, unsubstituted OH-C(8a), H-N(S), H-N(6) moieties are needed in the natural B/D transoid configuration.

SMIB 1, SMIB 10, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 4, SMIB 5, SMIB 6, SMIB 8, SMIB 9

Natural free carboxylic acids from the hadromerid sponge Diacornus levii (Kelly-Borges and Vacelet) were esterified to yield the new cyclic norditerpene peroxides ent-muqubilin benzyl ester (= (aR,3S.6R)-a,6-dimethyl- 6-[(E )-4-methyl-6-(2,6,6-trimethyl-cyclohex-l-en-l-yl)hex-3-enyl]-l,2-dioxan-3-acaectiidc benzyl ester; 6), diacarnoate B methyl ester (= (aS,3S,6R)-a,6-dimethyl-6-{2-[(4aS,8aS)-3.4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-3-oxo- 2,5,5,8a-tetramethylnaphthalen-l-yl)ethyl}-l,2-dioxan-3-acetica cid methyl ester; 9). and deoxydiacarnoate B benzyl ester (= (ccS,3R,6R)-cc,6-dimethyl-6-{2-[(4aS,8aS)-3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-2,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-lnaphthalenyl]ethyl]-1,2-dioxan-3-acetiacc id benzyl ester; lo), which were isolated following extensive chromatography. The relative configuration of the peroxideicc-methylacetate moiety of 6, 9, and 10 was directly determined from their NMR spectra. The absolute configurations of the peroxide/cc-methylacetate moiety was deduced from comparative 'H-NMR data of the (S)- and (R)-phenylglycine methyl ester derivatives 7 and 8 as well as 11/13 and 12/14, all obtained from a mixture of the precursors of 3,6, and 10. The absolute configuration at the carbobicyclic moiety of enone 9 and of 10, is identical, as established by chemical interconversion, 9 and 10 belong to the normal labdane series according to empirical CD rules, applied either directly to 9 or to the parent (+)-sclareolide-derived enone 20. In contrast, molar rotation additivity rules suggest the enr-labdane configuration for 9 and 10. The epidioxides 1-3, 6, and 10 proved active in vim against the malaria parasite PIasmodiumfalciparum; especially the previously isolated methyl 3-epinuapapuanoate (2) was active against a chloroquine-resistant strain, and this with a good security index.

SMIB 1, SMIB 10, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 4, SMIB 5, SMIB 6, SMIB 8, SMIB 9

SMIB 1, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 4, SMIB 5, SMIB 6, SMIB 8, SMIB 9

SMIB 1, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 4, SMIB 5, SMIB 6, SMIB 8, SMIB 9

SMIB 1, SMIB 10, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 4, SMIB 5, SMIB 6, SMIB 8, SMIB 9

SMIB 1, SMIB 10, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 4, SMIB 5, SMIB 6, SMIB 8, SMIB 9

Along with two known cheilanthane sesterterpene lactones, 1 and 2, eight new related sesterterpenes (3-10) and two new nor-sesterterpenes (11 and 12) have been isolated from the New Caledonian marine sponge Petrosuspongia nigra Bergquist 1995 (new genus, new species). Their structures were determined from 1D and 2D NMR studies and mass spectral data. They exhibited cytoxicity against the NSCLC-N6 human bronchopulmunary non-small-cell-lung carcinoma cell lines.

SMIB 1, SMIB 10, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 4, SMIB 5, SMIB 6, SMIB 8, SMIB 9

Le programme «Monts sous-marins» s'est déroulé au centre IRD de Nouméa depuis 1990 sous la direction de René GRANDPERRIN. Ses objectifs étaient l'étude faunistique des pentes récifales externes, des monts sous-marins et du domaine bathyal supérieur (200-1500 m) et l'évaluation de leurs potentialités halieutiques. 32 campagnes représentant un total de 446 jours de mer ont été effectuées. 18 d'entre elles ont été consacrées à l'halieutique, 13 aux études faunistiques et une à des essais de sondeur. 1496 opérations de prélèvement ont été réalisées (445 pour l'halieutique et 1051 pour la faunistique) avec les engins suivants: casier, chalut à crevettes, chalut de fond à poissons, grand chalut de fond à poissons néo-zélandais, chalut à perche, chalut pélagique à poissons, drague épibenthique, drague à roche, drague Waren et palangre de fond. En ce qui concerne l'halieutique, les ressources des pentes externes (100-600 m) ont été étudiées en Nouvelle-Calédonie et à Vanuatu, archipel pour lequel un atlas des pêches est sous presse. Les monts sous-marins agissent comme des dispositifs de concentration de poissons pour les espèces démersales. En Nouvelle-Calédonie, ils abritent une ressource en Beryx splendens qui fit l'objet d'une exploitation commerciale. Une étude scientifique, basée sur Il campagnes, a pennis de déterminer les paramètres biologiques et dynamiques de l'espèce et de modéliser sa distribution en fonction de la profondeur. Pour la première fois, une corrélation liant la croissance d'un poisson de profondeur avec le phénomène ENSO a été établie. Des travaux de génétiques des populations sont en cours sur cette espèce. Par ailleurs, le programme «Monts sous-marins» collabora étroitement avec le programme ZoNéCo d'identification et d'évaluation des ressources marines de la zone économique de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Deux synthèses portant sur les données thonières et sur les poissons profonds furent réalisées. Un halieute participa aux campagnes de bathymétrie mettant en œuvre un sondeur multifaisceaux à bord du N.O. L'Atalante. Cinq campagnes d'exploration des ressources halieutiques profondes furent effectuées à bord du N.O. Alis à l'aide de chaluts et de palangres de fond. Elles mirent en évidence l'existence de certaines ressources jusque là ignorées des pêcheurs. Les collectes de la faune bathyale ont été réalisées dans le cadre d'opérations conjointes IRD et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN). L'analyse des prélèvements a été possible grâce à un réseau de taxonomistes mis en place par l'IRD (Centre de Nouméa et Antenne du MNHN) et le MNHN ; il compte 181 chercheurs appartenant à 92 institutions de 24 nations différentes, ce qui représente un effort de recherche internationale exceptionnel! Les résultats obtenus dans le Pacifique sud-ouest, et notamment en Nouvelle-Calédonie, ont révolutionné la connaissance de la biodiversité des faunes profondes. 20 volumes des Résultats des campagnes MUSORSTOM qui paraissent dans la série des Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle sont déjà parus (environ 10 000 pages) et un autre est sous presse. Ils traitent de plus de 4500 espèces dont plus de 1300 étaient nouvelles pour la science. 126 genres nouveaux ont été créés de même que 7 familles nouvelles. Au sein de cette étude, la Nouvelle-Calédonie apparaît comme particulièrement riche en espèces et d'une très grande originalité puisque sur-les 1619 espèces actuellement publiées, 60,7 % étaient nouvelles pour la science. Des études phylogénétiques ont été réalisées sur certains groupes zoologiques en utilisant soit des techniques de biologie moléculaire (ADN), soit des méthodes de microscopie électronique. Il s'agit des Crustacés, des Echinodermes (Crinoïdes) et des Brachiopodes, parmi lesquels plusieurs formes panchroniques ont été découvertes. L'accessibilité aux faunes de profondeurs au cours du programme «Monts sous-marins» a permis de récolter des organismes qui ont fait l'objet d'analyses par le programme de pharmacologie (Substances Marines d'Intérêt Biologique: SMIB). Deux bases de données sont directement issues des travaux du programme «Monts sous-marins». Elles concernent les données halieutiques et les données faunistiques. Les premières ont été stockées à la Structure de Gestion et de Valorisation Locale (SGVL) du programme ZoNéCo. Les secondes le sont à l'IRD. Pour chacune d'elles, une procédure de création de sites INTERNET est en cours. Le problème majeur rencontré par le programme fut la disponibilité en personnel. En effet, avec une moyenne de 6 personnes, dont un chercheur et un ingénieur d'étude à plein temps, les effectifs ne dépassèrent jamais un total de 9! Le programme disposa en moyenne de 318 kFlan, dont 40 % sur fonds IRD et 60 % sur financements extérieurs. Les financements extérieurs furent de trois types: FIDES section locale du Territoire de Nouvelle-Calédonie, programme ZoNéCo et, dans une moindre mesure, MAE. Le nombre de publications réalisées par les ressortissants du programme a été de 214, dont 139 pour lesquelles le premier auteur est un membre du programme.

???msg.security.private???, AZTEQUE, BATHUS 1, BATHUS 2, BATHUS 3, BATHUS 4, BERYX 11, BERYX 2, BIOCAL, BIOGEOCAL, BORDAU 1, CALSUB, CHALCAL 1, CHALCAL 2, GEMINI, HALIPRO 1, HALIPRO 2, KARUBAR, LAGON, MUSORSTOM 1, MUSORSTOM 10, MUSORSTOM 2, MUSORSTOM 3, MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 5, MUSORSTOM 6, MUSORSTOM 7, MUSORSTOM 8, MUSORSTOM 9, SMIB 1, SMIB 10, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 4, SMIB 5, SMIB 6, SMIB 8, SMIB 9, VAUBAN 1978-1979, VOLSMAR

Aztequynol A (1), isolated from the nepheliospongid sponge, Petrosia sp., from the Banc Azteque off New Caledonia, represents the first case of a structurally defined C-branched polyacetylene based on high-energy collisionally-activated decomposition tandem mass spectrometry of lithium adducts which may have wide application in natural product structural analysis.

SMIB 1, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 4, SMIB 5, SMIB 6, SMIB 8, SMIB 9

The genus Granulifusus is distributed over the upper continental shelves in the Indo-West Pacific. The 27 species (21 Recent, 6 fossil) are characterized and separated from Fusinus by a granulated surface sculpture, the Recent also by a small round operculum which does not fill the aperture. Fusus (Sipho) libratus Watson 1886 and Latirus staminatus Garrard 1966 are placed in Granulifusus, their transfer based on the above mentioned conchological characteristics and on radular evidence. Granulifusus niponicus (E.A. Smith 1879), G. kiranus Shuto 1958, G. rubrolineatus (Sowerby II 1870), G. staminatus (Garrard 1966) and G. libratus (Watson 1886) were collected during the Musorstom expeditions and the material is extensively reported on. G. bacciballus sp. nov. (North New Caledonia, 444-452 m), G. benjamini sp. nov. (Coral Sea, Chesterfield, 400 m), G. balbus sp. nov. (South New Caledonia, 470 m), G. amoenus sp. nov. (Vanuatu, 480-544 m), G. geometricus sp. nov. (Tonga Islands, 427-436 m), G. monsecourorum sp. nov. (Madagascar, 240 m) and G. babae sp. nov. (Indonesia, Tanimbar Islands, 206-210 m) were also collected by the Musorstom expeditions and are added to this fauna and described as new species. From the collection of the Australian Museum, Sydney (AMS), one additional Recent species (G. lochi sp. nov., Western Australia, 301-310 m) and one fossil species (G. nakasiensis sp. nov., Nakasi Sandstone Beds, Late Pliocene, Fiji) are described. Lots of the remaining 8 species are studied with the exception of G. captivus (E.A. Smith 1899). The remaining 5 fossil species are listed and compared. G. rufinodis (Von Martens 1901) is tentatively regarded as a distinct species and a lectotype is selected.

BATHUS 1, BATHUS 2, BATHUS 3, BATHUS 4, BENTHEDI, BERYX 11, BIOCAL, BORDAU 1, BORDAU 2, CHALCAL 1, CHALCAL 2, CORINDON 2, HALICAL 1, HALIPRO 2, KARUBAR, MUSORSTOM 1, MUSORSTOM 2, MUSORSTOM 3, MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 5, MUSORSTOM 6, MUSORSTOM 7, MUSORSTOM 8, NORFOLK 1, SMIB 1, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 8, SMIB 9, TAIWAN 2000, TAIWAN 2001, VAUBAN 1978-1979

SMIB 1, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 4, SMIB 5, SMIB 6, SMIB 8, SMIB 9

Metabolites isolated from marine inverte-brates, callipeltin A 1, crambescidin 2, ptilomycalin A 3,celeromycalin 4, gymnochrome B 5, gymnochrome D 6 and isogymnochrome D 7 previously shown bioactive on either herpes simplex virus 1 (2, 3, 4) or human immunodeficiency virus (1, 5, 6, 7), were tested on a new in vitro bioassay using the dengue virus 1. Only gymnochrome D and isogymnochrome D isolated from the living fossil crinoid Gymnocrinus richeri are highly potent dengue antiviral agents.

SMIB 1, SMIB 10, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 4, SMIB 5, SMIB 6, SMIB 8, SMIB 9

In comparison with other ecosystems, biodiversity and natural-product diversity of the New Caledonian marine ecosystem, comprising lagoons, barrier reefs, and deep waters in seamount regions, are described here phylogenetically with the aid of molecular drawings and tabulation of data. Admittedly, since the inception of these studies in 1977, the comparison is biased by selection of New Caledonian organisms on the basis of positive pharmacologically oriented bioassays. However, we show that these and other distortions must be accepted to draw any comparison on a regional basis, which, nonetheless, turn out to be useful for the progress of knowledge, particularly in directing future explorations of biodiversity in the search for new pharmacologically active metabolites.

AZTEQUE, SMIB 1, SMIB 10, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 4, SMIB 5, SMIB 6, SMIB 8, SMIB 9

La caractérisation du substrat des fonds marins est une première étape fondamentale pour la prédiction des habitats benthiques, la gestion des ressources biologiques ou encore l’inventaire des ressources minérales. Ce travail est d’autant plus essentiel lorsque l’on traite la Zone Economique Exclusive (ZEE) de Nouvelle-Calédonie considérée, à l’échelle globale, comme une des régions les plus riches en termes de biodiversité marine. Ce stage, qui a pour but de cartographier la nature des fonds de la ZEE, s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet de mise en place d’une politique de « gestion intégrée de l’Espace maritime de la Nouvelle-Calédonie ». La méthodologie employée pour répondre à cet objectif a consisté à traiter l’ensemble des données d’imagerie acoustique acquises pour la plupart au cours des campagnes ZoNéCo et à les corréler aux prélèvements disponibles. Ce travail a permis de réaliser la carte de réflectivité des fonds marins couvrant 34 % de la ZEE et la mise à jour de la base de données des prélèvements comptabilisant aujourd’hui plus de 880 échantillons. L'examen approfondi de ces nouvelles données a permis de créer une classification adaptée à la Nouvelle-Calédonie s'inspirant des normes européennes EUNIS. Au final, deux cartes ont été produites : (i) une carte présentant la dureté des fonds marins de la ZEE et (ii) une carte présentant la nature et le type de substrat de la ZEE. Ces nouveaux résultats révèlent la présence de grands ensembles sédimentaires et la découverte de nouvelles structures géologiques. Sur un plan appliqué, ce travail a amélioré la connaissance des ressources minérales de la ZEE et a permis de créer les couches d’informations utiles aux futurs travaux de prédiction des habitats benthiques marins. Il a enfin été l’occasion de dresser des préconisations visant à réduire les incertitudes et orienter les travaux futurs.

BATHUS 1, BATHUS 2, BATHUS 3, BATHUS 4, BIOCAL, BIOGEOCAL, CALSUB, CHALCAL 1, GEMINI, MUSORSTOM 5, MUSORSTOM 6, NORFOLK 1, SMIB 1, SMIB 10, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 4, SMIB 5, SMIB 6, SMIB 9, VOLSMAR

Nortopsentin D (S), a bis(indo1e) alkaloid unique for bearing a 2-amino-methylimidazole appendage at the central lH-imidazol-5(4H)-one nucleus, was isolated in abundance, besides the putative biogenetic precursor 6 of its appendage, from the deep-water axinellid sponge Dragmacidon sp. Structural elucidation of 5 by NMR and MS methods heavily relied on its N-methyl derivatives 8-11. Unusually for topsentin-type structures, natural 5 and semisynthetic methyl derivatives 8 and 10 proved inactive on KB tumoural cells, while introduction of the last three methyl groups, amazingly led to highly cytotoxic 11.

SMIB 1, SMIB 10, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 4, SMIB 5, SMIB 6, SMIB 8, SMIB 9

LAGON, SMIB 1, SMIB 10, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 4, SMIB 5, SMIB 6, SMIB 8, SMIB 9

Three new manoalide-related sesrerrerpenes. fasciospongides A [1], B [2], and C [3], have been isolated from the sponge Fasciospongia sp. and their structures elucidated by spectral methods.

SMIB 1, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 4, SMIB 5, SMIB 6, SMIB 8, SMIB 9

One known drimane sesquiterpene (1) and five new ones (2-6) have been isolated from the sponge Dysidea fusca. Their structures were elucidated mainly by 2D NMR. The relative stereochemistry at C-11 of 1 has been corrected to H-11 beta.

SMIB 1, SMIB 10, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 4, SMIB 5, SMIB 6, SMIB 9

SMIB 1, SMIB 10, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 4, SMIB 5, SMIB 6, SMIB 8, SMIB 9

AZTEQUE, BATHUS 1, BATHUS 2, BATHUS 3, BATHUS 4, BERYX 11, BERYX 2, BIOCAL, BIOGEOCAL, CHALCAL 1, CHALCAL 2, CORAIL 2, CORINDON 2, HALIPRO 1, HALIPRO 2, KARUBAR, LAGON, MUSORSTOM 1, MUSORSTOM 10, MUSORSTOM 2, MUSORSTOM 3, MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 5, MUSORSTOM 6, MUSORSTOM 7, MUSORSTOM 8, MUSORSTOM 9, SMIB 1, SMIB 10, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 4, SMIB 5, SMIB 6, SMIB 8, SMIB 9, VOLSMAR

The structure and absolute configuration (3R, 17R) of the indole alkaloid arborescidine C were determined by x-ray diffraction. The six-membered ring assumes a half-chair conformation and the seven-membered ring has a twist-like conformation. The crystal packing is characterized by intermolecular hydrogen-bonding between the hydroxyl group and nitrogen atom N4 which leads to the formation of infinite chains of molecules along the a-axis of the crystal. The absolute configurations of two related indole alkaloids, arborescidine B and arborescidine D are inferred from the experimentally determined configuration of arborescidin C molecule. A comparison of the present structure with that of a related indole alkaloid akagerine showed significant conformational and configurational differences. Crystal data: C16H19N2OBr, orthorhombic, P21212, a = 10.3376(8), b = 15.461(4), c = 9.2094(9)A, V = 1471.9(6)A3, Z = 4, Dcalc = 1.510 g cm-3, A = 1.54178A.

SMIB 1, SMIB 10, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 4, SMIB 5, SMIB 6, SMIB 8, SMIB 9

BATHUS 1, BATHUS 2, BATHUS 3, BATHUS 4, BERYX 11, BIOCAL, BIOGEOCAL, CALSUB, CHALCAL 1, CHALCAL 2, CONCALIS, CORAIL 2, EBISCO, EXBODI, HALICAL 1, HALIPRO 1, KANACONO, KANADEEP, LAGON, LITHIST, MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 5, MUSORSTOM 6, MUSORSTOM 8, NORFOLK 1, NORFOLK 2, SMIB 10, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 4, SMIB 5, SMIB 6, SMIB 8, SMIB 9, TERRASSES, VAUBAN 1978-1979, VOLSMAR

SMIB 1, SMIB 10, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 4, SMIB 5, SMIB 6, SMIB 8, SMIB 9

A cytotoxic glycoside macrolide, callipeltoside A, has been isolated from the marine lithistid sponge Callipelta sp., collected off New Caledonia. Structural assignent was accomplished through extensive 2D NMR spectroscopy. The complete relative stereochemistry is proposed from the analysis of ROESY and NOE difference experiments. Callipeltoside A (1) represents the first member of a new class of marine-derived macrolides, containing unusual structural features including a 4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-2-0,3-C-dimethyl-& talopyranosyl-3,4-urethane unit.

SMIB 1, SMIB 10, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 4, SMIB 5, SMIB 6, SMIB 8, SMIB 9

Following the characterization of callipeltoside A (1), the first member of a novel class of marine glycoside macrolides, two more bioactive constituents, callipeltoside B (2) and C(3), were isolated from Callipelta sp. in very low amounts. The structures, assigned on the basis of spectral analysis, include the same 14-membered macrolide as in callipeltoside A (1) but differed in the saccharide moieties.

SMIB 1, SMIB 10, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 4, SMIB 5, SMIB 6, SMIB 8, SMIB 9