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Cotillon P., Rigolot P., Coustillas F., Gaillard C., Laurin B., Liu J.D., Pannetier W., Pascal A. & Rio M. 1989. Pentes et bassins au large de la Nouvelle Calédonie (Sud-Ouest Pacifique). morphologie, environnements biosédimentaires, sédimentation. Oceanologica Acta 12(2): 131-140
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Submarine slopes and basins off New-Caledonia (South-Western Pacifie); morphology, biosedimentary environments, sedimentation During the Biocal deep-sea cruise off New-Caledonia, fauna and sediments were sampled and Seabeam maps were drawn. The first geological results are as follows: - block-faulting determines the morphology of the slopes, their erosion and the transport of sediments along them towards the Loyalty basin plain; - erosion is predominant in the studied areas of the western Caledonian slopes and along the slopes off Lifou island where the canyons are broad and scattered, whereas in front of the "passe de Thio", through the reefal barrier, a relatively high detritic influx transits through several narrow canyons; - the Loyalty basin has been explored along the Thio-Lifou transect; it exhibits a flat bottom and is fed mainly from the eastern Caledonian slopes by calcareous and argilaceous turbidites, which spread eastward over nearly 50 km and interfinger with hemipelagites; - the sediments are constituted by 5 distinct components: 15 to 50% of detritics from New-Caledonia (mainly clay minerais, iron oxydes and silicate minerais); 15 to 25% bioclastic silts and sands derived from the reefal ring and from the lagoon; mixed bioclasts ( 1 to 20%) furnished by benthonic communities living on the slopes and in the basin; planktonic debris (30 to 75%) with a dominant fraction composed of foraminifers and pteropods; and volcanic debris (0,5 to 10%). A sedimentation rate of about 6cm/1000 years (between 16000 and 5000 years B.P.)has been estimated from the explored sector of the Loyalty basin.
Campagnes accessibles citées (1) [+]
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Cotillon P., Rigolot P., Coustillas F., Gaillard C., Laurin B., Liu J.D., Pannetier W., Pascal A. & Rio M. 1990. Pentes et bassins au lare de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (Sud-Ouest Pacific) morphologie, environnements biosédimentaires, sédimentation. Oceanologica Acta 12(2): 131-140
Résumé [+]
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Submarine slopes and basins off New-Caledonia (South-Western Pacifie); morphology, biosedimentary environments, sedimentation During the Biocal deep-sea cruise off New-Caledonia, fauna and sediments were sampled and Seabeam maps were drawn. The first geological results are as follows: - block-faulting determines the morphology of the slopes, their erosion and the transport of sediments along them towards the Loyalty basin plain; - erosion is predominant in the studied areas of the western Caledonian slopes and along the slopes off Lifou island where the canyons are broad and scattered, whereas in front of the "passe de Thio", through the reefal barrier, a relatively high detritic influx transits through several narrow canyons; - the Loyalty basin has been explored along the Thio-Lifou transect; it exhibits a flat bottom and is fed mainly from the eastern Caledonian slopes by calcareous and argilaceous turbidites, which spread eastward over nearly 50 km and interfinger with hemipelagites; - the sediments are constituted by 5 distinct components: 15 to 50% of detritics from New-Caledonia (mainly clay minerais, iron oxydes and silicate minerais); 15 to 25% bioclastic silts and sands derived from the reefal ring and from the lagoon; mixed bioclasts ( 1 to 20%) furnished by benthonic communities living on the slopes and in the basin; planktonic debris (30 to 75%) with a dominant fraction composed of foraminifers and pteropods; and volcanic debris (0,5 to 10%). A sedimentation rate of about 6cm/1000 years (between 16000 and 5000 years B.P.) has been estimated from the explored sector of the Loyalty basin. Oceanologica Acta, 1989, 11, 2, 131-140.
Campagnes accessibles citées (1) [+]
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Laurin B. 1992. Découverte d'un squelette de soutien du lophophore de type "crura" chez un brachiopode inarticulé : description de Neoancistrocrania norfolki gen. sp. nov. (Craniidae). Comptes Rendus des séances de l'Académie des Sciences de Paris 314: 343-350
Résumé [+]
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A new Craniidae, living in the South Pacific, possesses a large ventral valve with alveolar structure and a dorsal valve with "crura-like" processes, to which the lophophore is attached by means of a pair of brachial elevator muscles. Similar structures, but without well established function, occur only in a Cretaceous craniid genus and in a Recent one, only known from one juvenile valve.
Campagnes accessibles citées (2) [+]
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Codes des collections associés:
IB (Bryozoaires Brachiopodes)
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Laurin B. 1997. Brachiopodes récoltés dans les eaux de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et des îles Loyauté, Matthew et Chesterfield, in Crosnier A. (Ed.), Résultats des campagnes MUSORSTOM 18. Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle 176:411-471, ISBN:2-85653-511-9
Résumé [+]
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Twenty six species of brachiopods were dredged in the bathyal area surrounding New-Caledonia and the Chesterfield
Islands, from 1985 to 1989, during the cmises BIOCAL, BIOGEOCAL, CALSUB, CHALCAL 2, MUSORSTOM 4, 5, 6, SMIB 1, 4,
and VOLSMAR. That fauna shows a broad diversity, including 19 genera belonging to 14 families. A new genus
{Kanakythyris) and four new species are described {K. pachyrhynchos, Stenosarina globosa, S. lata, Fallax
neocaledonensis). Several species are strongly sulcate {Neorhynchia strebeli. Abyssothyris wyvillei, K. pachyrhynchos,
Nipponithyris afra), a feature that is usually considered as typical of deep-sea brachiopods. Nevertheless, this feature
also occurs in New-Caledonian species at lesser depths. Moreover, in several taxa, size differences between populations
or species seem to be related to depth.
Campagnes accessibles citées (11) [+]
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BIOCAL,
BIOGEOCAL,
CALSUB,
CHALCAL 2,
GEMINI,
MUSORSTOM 4,
MUSORSTOM 5,
MUSORSTOM 6,
SMIB 1,
SMIB 4,
VOLSMAR
Codes des collections associés:
IB (Bryozoaires Brachiopodes)
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Roux M., Bouchet P., Bourseau J.P., Gaillard C., Grandperrin R., Guille A., Laurin B., Monniot C., Richer de Forges B., Rio M., Segonzac M., Vacelet J. & Zibrowius H. 1991. L'environnement bathyal au large de la Nouvelle-Calédonie: résultats préliminaires de la campagne CALSUB et conséquences paléoécologiques. Bulletin, Société Géologique de France 162(4): 675–685
Résumé [+]
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During the CALSUB cruise, bathyal environments were explored off the New Caledonia corallian platfdrms (southwestern Pacific). Green algae were observed down to a depth of 1 IO m, and red algae down to 145 m. Algal blocks, pebbles and sands contribute to sedimentation to a depth of 400 m and beyond, and are mixed with autochthonous fossils and bioclasts produced by bathyal benthos. Epibathyal fauna suggests similarities with Jurassic and Cretaceous fauna of Tethyan margins (Nautilus, pleurotomarian gastropods, sponges, brachiopods and crinoids…). Richness and abundance of the benthos are the highest in areas where currents are frequent between 300 m and 700 m (sometimes 10 to 20 terebratulid brachiopods per m2 or dense populations of echinoderms entirely covering the substrate). Such currents induce erosion of' substrate or bioclastic accumulations. Biocorrosion seems to be very active in erosion processes, especially on hard grounds. Burrows and traces show the importance of sediment bioturbation on slopes. The occurrence on bathyal slope of some taphonomic processes previously known from geological series and generally considered as closely related lo shallow-water environments should be emphasized.
Campagnes accessibles citées (1) [+]
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Roux M., Bouchet P., Bourseau J.P., Gaillard C., Grandperrin R., Guille A., Laurin B., Monniot C., Richer de Forges B., Rio M., Segonzac M., Vacelet J. & Zibrowius H. 1991. L'ETAGEMENT DU BENTHOS BATHYAL OBSERVE A L'AIDE DE LA SOUCOUPE CYANA, L'environnement carbonaté bathyal en Nouvelle-Calédonie (Programme Envimarges). 15. Lambert B. & Roux M. (eds):151-165
Résumé [+]
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L'exploration de la faune profonde de NouvelleCalédonie a débuté par des campagnes d'essai de 1977 à 1979 sur des fonds de 200 m à 1000 m au large de la Grande Terre, de l'île des Pins et des îles Loyauté (Intès, 1978). A partir de 1985, elle s'est élargie et intensifiée avec les campagnes MUSORSTOM 4 à 6 et CHALCAL (Richer de Forges, 1990), BIOCAL, BIOGEOCAL et SMIB, complétées par des observations directes à l'aide de la soucoupe plongeante Cyana lors de la campagne CALSUB. Nous ne donnerons ici que les grands traits de l'étagement de la macrofaune et de la mégafaune benthique en insistant sur les observations directes insitu lors de la campagne CALSUB et sur la liaison avec les caractères du milieu.
Campagnes accessibles citées (1) [+]
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Tort A. & Laurin B. 2001. INTRA- AND INTERSPECIFIC VARIATION IN INTERNAL STRUCTURES OF THE GENUS STENOSARINA (BRACHIOPODA, TEREBRATULIDA) USING LANDMARKS. Journal of Paleontology 75(2): 261-273. DOI:10.1666/0022-3360(2001)075<0261:IAIVII>2.0.CO;2
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Although a number of brachiopod genera have been defined mainly from their internal structures, the fixity of those structures has rarely been investigated. Variability of the rather simple loops of two New Caledonian species of the Recent genus Stenosarina (Terebratulida), one species having a variant with endemic morphology, provides insight into the relationship between the two species. Procrustes methods based on landmarks are used. Intra-population variability is found to be of the same order of magnitude as inter-population variability. Moreover, the morphological distance between the endemic variant and the other specimens is greater than the distance between the two species of Stenosarina. The study also identifies a morphocline between the three forms of Stenosarina under study.
Campagnes accessibles citées (5) [+]
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Codes des collections associés:
IB (Bryozoaires Brachiopodes)
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Vincent E. & Laurin B. 1988. Les associations de foraminifères benthiques du bassin des Loyauté (Nouvelle-Calédonie) : autochtonie et allochtonie. Revue de micropaléontologie 31(3): 196-206
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The benthic foraminifers fauna from the Loyaulty Basin (New-Caledonia) is studied through a series of samples obtained in several cores along a transection between Thio and Lifou Island, as well as from a few comparative stations (BIOCAL cruise - 1985 - R/V Jean Charcot). Despite a low number of specimens (in relation to the planktonic ones) the benthic foraminifers from the upper layer of the sediment show a large diversity : more than 200 taxa which were put together into 20 groups for the analysis. Their distribution and abundance in the 19 analyzed stations show that some of them are preferentially located on the slopes although others mainly occur on the deeper parts of the basin. The demonstrate conveying of sediments between these areas. A quantitative approach shows that these conveyings are controled by the submarine topography.
Campagnes accessibles citées (1) [+]
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Vincent E., Lambert B., Laurin B. & Mathieu R. 1991. DISTRIBUTION DES FORAMINIFERES BENTHIQUES DANS LE BASSIN DES LOYAUTE, L'environnement carbonaté bathyal en Nouvelle-Calédonie (Programme Envimarges). 15. Lambert B. & Roux M. (eds):127-149
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L'essentiel de ce chapitre a déjà fait l'objet de contributions antérieures (Vincent, 1986 ; Vincent et Laurin, 1988), mais une illustration exhaustive de la microfaune manquait. Avec la contribution consacrée aux organismes planctoniques, c'est l'ensemble de la microfaune et la nannoflore qui sera ainsi figuré. L'analyse du plancton portait sur un seul site de prélèvements. Ce choix reposait sur le peu de sensibilité de ces organismes aux variations environnementales locales (topographie par exemple) en comparaison de leur capacité plus importante à enregistrer les variations de plus grande envergure (climatiques) au cours du temps. A l'opposé, l'examen de la microfaune benthique s'est effectué à partir de prélèvements régulièrement répartis suivant une transversale au bassin des Loyauté. Entouré de plate-formes coralligènes, le bassin des Loyauté constitue un bon modèle d'environnêment bathyal situé en contrebas d'édifices récifaux. Une série de levés cartographiques réalisés par sondeurs multifaisceaux (voir contributions précédentes) a permis d'établir avec précision la topographie sous-marine. L'objectif de cette étude, déjà évoqué précédemment, était: (1) d'analyser la répartition des Foraminifères benthiques de la partie superficielle des sédiments actuels. (2) de préciser les éventuelles relations entre cette répartition et les facteurs sédimentologiques reconnus. (3) d'identifier les microfaunes allochtones provenant des plates-formes récifales. Sur toute la rone ayant fait l'objet de prélèvements les sédiments sont homogènes, composés de boues de couleur beige essentiellement carbonatées (80 %) et d'argile fine. Les éléments biogènes d'origine planctonique sont nettement dominants (Foraminifères, Ptéropodes, Radiolaires).
Campagnes accessibles citées (1) [+]
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