A revision of the genus Macromalthinus resulted on recognition of twelve species, six of which are herein proposed as new: Macromalthinus belemensis Brancucci, 1981, M. brasiliensis (Pic, 1906), M. globuliventris Brancucci, 1981, M. guyanensis sp. nov., M. luteoapicalis sp. nov., M. maximiceps Pic, 1919, M. orapuensis sp. nov., M. piceiventris sp. nov., M. quadratithorax sp. nov., M. santaremensis Brancucci, 1981, M. schmidli Constantin, 2010 and M. xerophilus sp. nov. No taxonomic changes were necessary in the previously described species, which are distinguished through differential diagnosis and an updated identification key. The type specimens of all species were revisited and their photographs are provided. Discussions on the diagnostic character of each species, general morphology and the first description of wings and female genitalia of Macromalthinus are presented, as well as the first description of the female of M. maximiceps Pic, 1919. Finally, new records and distribution maps are presented for all species.

MITARAKA

Dichotomius longiceps Taschenberg, 1870 a été capturé dans deux localités situées au sud de la Guyane, dans des zones difficiles d'accès et encore peu étudiées.

MITARAKA

Based on literature and recent samplings, 22 species of Phanaeini Scarabs are recorded from French Guiana in the genera Coprophanaeus (5 species), Dendropaemon (8 species), Diabroctis (1 species), Oxysternon (4 species), Phanaeus (3 species) and Sulcophanaeus (1 species). A key of genera and species, adapted to French Guiana’s fauna is provided. Principal ecological traits are summarized: diet, activity rhythm and estimated degree of scarcity. Collecting localities are also provided. The species are pictured, including Dendropaemon refulgens for which we show the second known specimen.

MITARAKA

La présence du bupreste Dismorpha linearis est confirmée en Guyane par sa capture dans plusieurs localités. Deux plantes nourricières du genre Varronia (Boraginaceae) sont signalées pour les adultes.

MITARAKA

This paper provides the description of a French Guianese new species belonging to Pterotarsus genus which already comprised five known species from this country. All the five known specimens of this new species come from the southern part of French Guiana and from Costa Rica.

MITARAKA

The gen. Atractosomus Lacordaire, 1857 (Elateridae, Elaterinae, Ampedini) from intertropical America (Atractodes Germar 1839, preoccupied) characterized by strongly, horizontally raised sides of the mesosternum included up to now thirty-two known species. Atractosomus amazonicus Casari, 2012 is recorded for the first time from French Guiana. The present paper gives the description of three new Atractosomus species from French Guiana: A. raingeardi n. sp., A. submetallicus n. sp. and A. itoupensis n. sp. That represents now a total of thirtyfive species, nine of which living in this country.

MITARAKA

The species of the genus Discodon Gorham, 1881 from French Guiana are revised. Nine taxa have been described from this region, among which three revealed to be synonyms. Twenty-four species are described as new, bringing to thirty the present number of valid taxa: Discodon arcuatum n. sp., D. brulei n. sp., D. dalensi n. sp., D. dewynteri n. sp., D. fernandezorum n. sp., D. francillonnei n. sp., D. fuscomaculatum n. sp., D. hirticorne n. sp., D. itoupense n. sp., D. lamarrei n. sp., D. luteicorne n. sp., D. mantillerii n. sp., D. melanocerum n. sp., D. montis n.sp., D. nazareti n. sp., D. nouraguense n. sp., D. pascali n. sp., D. platycorne n. sp., D. poirieri n. sp., D. quadrinotatum n. sp., D. saulense n. sp., D. taghavianae n. sp., D. touroulti n. sp., D. yvineci n. sp. The following synonymies are proposed: Discodon hattesense Pic, 1930 and Discodon hattesense var. annulimembris Pic, 1950 = Discodon dichromum (Fauvel, 1861); Discodon notaticorne Pic, 1910 = Discodon surinamense Pic, 1906. New distributional data are provided: Discodon gracilicorne Pic, 1910, D. nazareti n. sp., D. rufohumerale Pic, 1910 and D. surinamense Pic, 1906 are new to Guyana (former British Guiana) while Discodon dalensi n. sp. and D. dichromum (Fauvel, 1861) are new to Suriname. Specific key is provided to separate the Discodon of French Guiana as also illustration of their habitus, of some anatomical characters and of their aedeagus in both dorsal and latero-dorsal views (in French with key also in English).

MITARAKA

The subfamily Chauliognathinae, of which 19 species were previously known as occurring in French Guiana, comprises now 29 species. New species: Malthesis mitarakaensis n. sp.; Lobetus dalensi n. sp.; Maronius mitarakaensis n. sp.; Microdaiphron guyanensis n. sp.; Malthoichthyurus guyanensis n. sp. – New combinations: Malthesis hickeri Pic, 1926, M. reductipennis Pic, 1927, are transferred to Chauliognathus Hentz, 1830; Chauliognathus brunneonotaticeps Pic, 1917 and C. kouranus Pic, 1947 are transferred to Malthesis Motschulsky, 1853. – New synonymies: Chauliognathus subannulicornis Pic, 1934 = C. annulicornis Pic, 1934 ; Malthesis forestierei Pic, 1934 = C. hickeri (Pic, 1926) new comb.; Malthesis surinamensis Pic, 1927 = Chauliognathus brunneonotaticeps Pic, 1917; – New name: Chauliognathus reductipennis Pic, 1944, junior homonym of C. reductipennis (Pic, 1927) is re-named in C. neoreductipennis n. nov. The following species are cited as new for French Guiana: Chauliognathus subsericeus Pic, 1937 (from Suriname); Chauliognathus reductipennis (Pic, 1927); Daiphron abrahami Pic, 1927 (both from Guyana, Cattle Trail); Daiphron lyciforme Gorham, 1881(from Mexico to Panama); Daiphron (Championellum) proteum Gorham, 1881; Macromalthinus santaremensis Brancucci, 1981 (known from Brazil, Para). An updated generic key to identify the Guianese Cantharidae and a key to separate the species of Chauliognathus, Daiphron, Malthesis, Microdaiphron and Psilorhynchus are proposed. Illustration of their habitus and of their morphological characters are provided. (in French with keys also in English)

MITARAKA

Les Phengodidae constituent une petite famille néotropicale, proche des Lampyridae et des Elateridae, qui comprend actuellement plus de 250 espèces (ZARAGOZACABALLERO & PÉREZ-HERNANDÉZ, 2014). Les mâles sont ailés, et sont capturés dans les pièges d'interception tandis que les femelles connues sont luminescentes, néoténiques, d'aspect larviforme rappelant des larves d'Elateridae, et rarement observées. Les prospections dans le coeur du Parc amazonien de Guyane, massif de Mitaraka, ont procuré une nouvelle espèce, la première en Guyane, du genre Pseudomastinocerus Wittmer, 1963. Le Guyana (ex-British Guyana), bien moins intensivement prospecté, a livré une nouvelle espèce du genre Decamastinocerus Wittmer, 1988.

MITARAKA

A new species belonging to the genus Myrmeconycha Konstantinov & Tishechkin, 2017, was found in French Guiana. Myrmeconycha dogueti n. sp. is described, illustrated, compared to the neighbouring species, together with a map showing the distribution of the records for this genus.

MITARAKA

The Guianese species of the genera Silis Charpentier, Polemius LeConte, Peltariosilis Wittmer and Pygodiscodon Wittmer are revised. Peltariosilis lamellata n. sp., P. mensaemontis n. sp., P. mitarakaemontis n. sp.; Polemius costatulus n. sp., P. robini n. sp., P. similis n. sp.; Silis brulei n. sp., S. dalensi n.sp., S. mitarakaensis n. sp., S. roseicollis n. sp., S. saulensis n. sp., S. spinifera n. sp., S. tortithorax n. sp.and S. touroulti n. sp., are described as new. New combination: Silis humeralis Pic is transferred to genus Polemius. The habitus, details of pronotum and genitalia are illustrated. New keys to separate the genera of Silinae occurring in French Guiana, and the species of the genera Peltariosilis Wittmer, Polemius LeConte and Silis Charpentier are proposed (in French with keys also in English).

MITARAKA

Dans le genre Paradomorphus, une nouvelle espèce, P. caelatus n. sp., est décrite. Dans le genre Agrilus, huit nouvelles espèces sont également décrites : Agrilus (Agrilus) alienus n. sp., A. (A.) bison n. sp., A. (A.) cacuminatus n. sp., A. (A.) cimmerius n. sp., A. (A.) dewynteri n. sp., A. (A.) excelsus n. sp., A. (A.) rubronigromaculatus n. sp. et A. (A.) slami n. sp., et deux nouveaux taxa sont également signalés pour la première fois en Guyane : A. (A.) subdebilis Kerremans, 1899 et A. (A.) epaulus Obenberger, 1932 dont l’édéage est illustré. L’édéage d’A. (A.) noctambulus Curletti & Brûlé, 2011 est aussi illustré pour la première fois. L’élevation du sous-genre Neotropicantius Curletti & Brûlé, 2014 au genre est proposée : à ce nouveau genre sont attribuées les espèces citées dans Curletti & Brûlé (2014) ainsi que huit nouvelles espèces : Neotropicantius armus n. sp., N. auroniger n. sp., N. bicornus n. sp., N. bifidus n. sp., N. equus n. sp., N. interceptatus n. sp., N. luminosus n. sp. et N. mostinii n. sp. L’édéage de N. clementi (Curletti & Brûlé, 2014) est également illustré pour la première fois. Avec cette septième contribution, la tribu des Agrilini compte désormais 145 espèces en Guyane ; une liste actualisée est donnée en fin d’article.

MITARAKA

In the genus Agrilus, four new species are described: Agrilus (Agrilus) oberthuroides n. sp., A. (A.) emicyaneus n. sp., A. (A.) miserrimus n. sp. et A. (A.) esasignatus n. sp. A new synonymy is proposed: Agrilus oberthuri Kerremans, 1897 (= syn. Agrilus mathani Obenberger, 1935). The species Paradomorphus mrazi Obenberger, 1922 is rehabilitated in the genus Paradomorphus and as a consequence, a new synonymy is proposed: Neotropicantius mrazi (Obenberger, 1933) = syn. Agrilus sanpauloi Bellamy, 1998. Two other species are reinstated in the genus Paradomorphus: Paradomorphus albicollis Waterhouse, 1887 and Paradomorphus collaris Waterhouse, 1889. With this eighth contribution, the Agrilini fauna of French Guiana now counts 149 species.

MITARAKA

Pseudosparna ubirajara sp. nov. is described from southern French Guiana and illustrated. It is compared with other Pseudosparna and the key to species is updated.

MITARAKA

Eupromera pascali sp. nov. (Coleoptera, Lamiinae) is described from French Guiana. The species is illustrated and compared to close species. A key for species of Eupromera is updated.

MITARAKA

Les descriptions et la distribution sont complétées pour les neuf espèces déjà connues du genre néotropical Degallierister Gomy, 2001 : D. barberoi Gomy, 2001, D. diquis Gomy, 2013, D. hamatus (Lewis, 1888), D. hielkemai Gomy, 2013, D. penatii Gomy, 2001, D. peruvianus (Mazur, 1988), D. pseudohamatus (Kanaar, 1981), D. pusillus (Wenzel, 1944) et D. surinamensis Gomy, 2013. Dix espèces nouvelles sont décrites : D. antoinei n. sp., D. bihamatus n. sp., D. greglamarrei n. sp., D. kanaari n. sp., D. lewisi n. sp., D. lissosternum n. sp., D. parenthesis n. sp., D. rogeri n. sp., D. striatus n. sp. et D. yvesi n. sp. D. peruvianus est nouvellement cité de Bolivie. D. barberoi est nouvellement cité du Costa Rica et du Pérou. D. penatii est nouvellement cité du Brésil, du Guyana, de Guyane française et du Panama. D. diquis est nouvellement cité du Brésil et du Panama. D. hielkemai est nouvellement cité du Brésil, du Guyana et du Pérou. D. surinamensis est nouvellement cité du Brésil, du Guyana, de Guyane française et du Pérou. Une clé d’identification est fournie pour toutes les espèces du genre.

MITARAKA

Description and illustration of six new species of Coleoptera Paussidae Ozaenini from French Guyana, belonging to the genera Tachypeles Deuve, 2001, and Goniotropis Gray, 1832: Tachypeles mitaraka n. sp., T. mantillerii n. sp., T. perditus n. sp., T. simulans n. sp., Goniotropis touroulti n. sp., G. constantini n. sp.

MITARAKA

The study of an important material coming from Brazil and French Guiana, and the comparison with several types of Dynastidae Cyclocephalini, allow to propose a new synonymy: Cyclocephala tarsalis Dechambre, 1979, described from the North Brazil is synonymised with Cyclocephala kahanoffae Martinez, 1975, described from Central Brazil. Precisions on the species distribution are provided.

MITARAKA

Ce second travail liste des genres et des espèces de Tenebrionidae référencés pour la première fois de Guyane : 4 genres et 18 espèces sont ainsi présentés et figurés. Nous signalons également les corrections à apporter à notre premier article sur ce même sujet et complétons la liste des espèces déjà citées dans la littérature entomologique. Une liste actualisée des espèces guyanaises est établie, portant ainsi à 188 le nombre de taxa déterminés pour ce territoire. Platydema guatemalensis Champion, 1886 est également signalé pour la première fois du Brésil, Suriname et Mexique ; Platydema sexmaculata Chevrolat, 1878 pour le Brésil.

MITARAKA

This fourth work lists new Tenebrionidae reported for the French Guiana. One new tribu, 6 new genus and 10 new species are presented and figured, bringing to 198 the number of species determined for this territory.

MITARAKA

Sur la base d’une analyse phylogénétique des caractères morphologiques externes et internes (et particulièrement des sclérites du sac interne de l’édéage) de 29 Acratini, trois nouveaux genres sont décrits dans cette tribu néotropicale : Rugosacratus n. gen. (espèce-type Acratus chontalensis Sharp, 1895), Teramoceroides n. gen. (espèce-type Belorhynchus gracilis Boheman, 1833) et Parateramocerus n. gen. (espèce-type Proteramocerus goianus Soares & Dias, 1971). La création de ces nouvelles coupes génériques entraîne les nouvelles combinaisons suivantes : Rugosacratus punctirostris (Boheman, 1840), n. comb., R. chontalensis (Sharp, 1895), n. comb., Teramoceroides gracilis (Boheman, 1833), n. comb., T. belti (Sharp, 1895), n. comb., T. mamillatus (Meyer, 1959), n. comb., et Parateramocerus goianus (Soares & Dias, 1971), n. comb. Trois nouvelles espèces sont décrites : Rugosacratus eximius n. sp. de Guyane française, Brésil, Équateur et Pérou, Teramocerus asklerosis n. sp. de Guyane française et Brésil, et T. rileyi n. sp. du Panama. La répartition des espèces est précisée et discutée. Teramoceroides belti est nouvellement cité de Colombie et du Panama ; T. mamillatus est nouvellement cité de Guyane française ; Rugosacratus punctirostris est nouveau pour la Colombie, la Guyane française et le Venezuela ; Teramocerus pulcher (Soares & Dias, 1971) est nouveau pour la Guyane française.

MITARAKA

A small group of nine nominal species belonging to the genus Neacratus Alonso-Zarazaga, Lyal, Sforzi & Bartolozzi, 1999 is studied in detail from a morphological point of view. Lectotypes are designated for Brentus obtusus Lund, 1800 and Nemocephalus fulgidus Kleine, 1928. Three new synonymies are proposed: Nemocephalus brevicostatus Kleine, 1922 n. syn. for Brenthus obtusus Lund, 1800, Nemocephalus longiceps Perroud, 1853 n. syn. for Brenthus famulus Boheman, 1840, and Nemocephalus fulgidus Kleine, 1928 n. syn. for B. famulus Boheman, 1840. A new species, Neacratus pascali n. sp., is described from French Guiana. New country records are provided for Neacratus obtusus (Bolivia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Grenada, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela), N. puncticeps (Sharp, 1895) (Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela), N. guatemalensis (Senna, 1893) (Belize, Colombia, El Salvador), N. deplanatus (Sharp, 1895) (Colombia, Costa Rica, French Guiana, Mexico, Panama, Venezuela) and N. famulus (Paraguay). A phylogenetic analysis carried out on this group shows it forms a monophyletic lineage included in a clade containing most of other species of Neacratus, of which it is the type species; it is therefore not justified to create a new generic name. The possible polyphyletism of the genus Neacratus as a whole and the development of an excessively long rostrum in some male Acratini are discussed.

MITARAKA

Brentidae Acratini from Mitaraka Massif, French Guiana: a data review (Insecta, Coleoptera, Curculionoidea). A list of Brentidae Acratini collected during a field trip conducted in 2015 in the Mitaraka Massif (c. 2°14’N, 54°27’W), in French Guiana, is given. Two new species are described: Parateramocerus teko n. sp. and Neacratus viridis n. sp. A new synonymy is proposed: Proteramocerus affinis Soares & Dias, 1971, n. syn. of Proteramocerus enervatus Kleine, 1927. This last taxon is transferred to the genus Parateramocerus Mantilleri, 2015, leading to the new combination Parateramocerus enervatus (Kleine, 1927) n. comb. Its discovery in the Mitaraka Massif is a new record for French Guiana; it is also newly recorded from Peru. Fonteboanius lamellipes Senna, 1893 is recorded for the first time from French Guiana.

MITARAKA

Eleven new species of Hylobiini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae), Arniticus circularis sp.n., A. obscurus sp.n., Heilipodus bifenestratus sp.n., H. oculatus sp.n., H. rubrobrunneus sp.n., Heilipus sparsus sp.n., Hilipinus multipunctatus sp.n., H. oculatoguttatus sp.n., H. foveatifrons sp.n., H. giuglarisi sp.n., Marshallius bifasciatus sp.n., and three new species of Cryptorhynchini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Cryptorhynchinae), Hemiliopsis irregularis sp.n., Staseas projectostriatus sp.n., and S. multicarinatus sp.n. are described from French Guiana. All species are illustrated. Keys for the identification of the species of Arniticus PASCOE, 1881, Hemiliopsis CHAMPION, 1905, and Staseas CHAMPION, 1905 are provided.

MITARAKA

A focus on the knowledge of the Orphninae from French Guiana is presented, including general identification, morphological characters, biology, geographical distribution and taxonomy. As a consequence of a recent expedition in Mitaraka Mts, Aegidinus tricornis Colby, 2009 is recorded for the first time from French Guiana.

MITARAKA

A new Zeale Pascoe, 1866, Zeale granvillei sp. nov., is described from open areas at Mitaraka Mounts, French Guiana. The key to the species of Zeale is updated and the different forms of the new species are illustrated. A list of the material from Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (Paris) in this genus is provided. Some aspects of its behavior are given, including its possible host plant, Ichtyothere granvillei H. Robinson (Asteraceae).

MITARAKA

Seasonality and community structure of Phanaeini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in French Guiana : study by mass sampling using large flight interception traps. Phanaeini is a neotropical tribe of scarabs mostly dung or carrion feeders, generally of large size. This paper analyses data collected with large window flight interception traps set on nine forest sites in French Guiana with a primary goal of biotic inventory. The study deals with three main questions: 1) What is the spatial structure of communities and are there some species indicators of secondary forests and others of pristine conditions? 2) What is the temporal structure of the community and is there a stable pattern of seasonality between years and sites? 3) Between close species, is there a temporal asynchrony? Our samples contain more than 9,700 identified specimens, nine complete year series on four sites including a four years continuous survey near Cayenne. We found a significantly lower diversity (Shannon and Simpson index) on the most fragmented and hunted sites. A more equitable repartition of species and a relative abundance of the larger species appear typical of undisturbed sites. Other observations reinforce the hypothesis that there is a fast and huge modification in Phanaeini community structure on the most accessible and disturbed sites. Seasonal pattern shows an abundance peak at the beginning of the rainy season (December or January), a medium abundance during the rainy season with sometimes secondary peaks and a low to very low activity during the dry season. The pattern is rather consistent between years but changes with sampling site. It is however different from the results of other studies using pitfall baited traps in Amazonian and Guyanese forests. These studies show much less clear temporal pattern or no seasonal change. There is no obvious pattern of niche sharing by phenological differences between species. The methodological differences of sampling between baited traps and window flight traps are eventually discussed. Due to its passive way of collecting, interception trap is considered as quite relevant for studying flight activity spatio-temporal patterns of Scarabaeinae. This aspect may explain some differences in seasonality patterns compared to other studies.

MITARAKA

This paper documents the horse fly fauna collected in lowland rainforest in the southwesternmost part of French Guiana (Mitaraka). During this “Our Planet Revisited” survey nine tabanid species were recorded from French Guiana for the first time: Chrysops ecuadorensis Lutz, C. incisus Macquart, Catachlorops amazonicus Henriques & Gorayeb, Chlorotabanus flagellatus Krolow & Henriques, Cryptoylus cauri Stone, Phaeotabanus phaeopterus Fairchild, Philipotabanus stigmaticalis (Kröber), Stypommisa captiroptera (Kröber) and Tabanus amapaensis Fairchild. An updated check list of Tabanidae of French Guiana is presented, including 79 species and one unidentified Chrysops.

MITARAKA

A new species of Thecomyia Perty, 1833, T. diederiki Mortelmans n. sp., is described from French Guiana, with diagnostic characters being the absence of anteromedial setae on the midfemur; an illdefined, tripartite, greyish mesonotal stripe; absence of upper fronto-orbital bristles; completely yellow mid- and hind femora; typical distiphallus bearing two long, curved acrophalli; absence of male anterior gonostyli; and large, triangular posterior gonostyli. All specimens were collected during the Mitaraka (French Guiana) 2015 survey that investigated an array of habitat types; the new species was encountered only in swamp forests. This discovery raises the number of species in this exclusively Neotropical genus to 13. An update of the relevant couplets in the key to Thecomyia in Marinoni et al. (2003) is presented to include the new species. New records of other species of Thecomyia from Costa Rica, French Guiana, and Brazil are given, with first records of Thecomyia lateralis (Walker, 1858) from Costa Rica, and first records of T. diederiki Mortelmans n. sp. and T. longicornis Perty, 1833 from French Guiana.

MITARAKA

The genus Enlinia Aldrich, 1933 is recorded from French Guiana for the first time and six new species are described: E. loboptera n. sp., E. bova n. sp., E. colossicornis n. sp., E. mitarakensis n. sp., E. touroulti n. sp., and E. dalensi n. sp. A seventh unnamed species belonging to the E. armata Robinson, 1969 species group, and represented by a single female specimen, is also reported. These species were collected as part of the 2015 “Our Planet Revisited” survey in the Mitaraka Mountain area in far southwestern French Guiana. A key to the seven species known from French Guiana is provided.

MITARAKA

Lucullia guilberti n. sp., from French Guiana is described in the tribe Acanthocephalini, Leptostellana infuscata n. sp., from Panama, and Malvanaioides fastosa n. sp., from Peru in the tribe Anisoscelini. Each species is compared with the related species. Photos in dorsal view, and drawings of male genital capsule are included. Keys to the known species in each genus are given.

MITARAKA

The genus Rhyncholepta Bergroth, 1911 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Pentatominae: Chlorocorini) is redescribed and five species-group taxa are recognized, keyed, their diagnostic characters illustrated, and the distribution reviewed. Among the five taxa, two species and one subspecies are recognized as new: Rhyncholepta grandicallosa grandicallosa Bergroth, 1911 (Brazil, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname), Rhyncholepta grandicallosa centroamericana subsp. n. (Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama), Rhyncholepta henryi sp. n. (French Guiana), Rhyncholepta meinanderi Becker & GraziaVieira, 1971 (Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru), and Rhyncholepta wheeleri sp. n. (Guyana). The structure of the male genital capsule was found to be the only reliable character for identifying species-group taxa. For this reason, a simultaneous application has been submitted to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to set aside the non-informative female lectotype of Rhyncholepta grandicallosa grandicallosa and replace it with the male neotype suggested herein. Based on the available label data and our field experience, most of the specimens were collected by various types of light traps in or near dense forests. Adults can be collected throughout the year.

MITARAKA

Metria pascali n. sp. est décrite d’après quatre mâles de Guyane. Deux autres espèces apparentées sont comparées et discutées : M. phoenicopasta Hampson, 1918, et M. picturata (Schaus, 1901). Douze nouvelles combinaisons sont proposées : Hypogrammodes amazonica (Butler, 1879), n. comb., H. compotrix (Hübner, 1818), n. comb., H. pacifica (Walker, 1858), n. comb., H. nebulosa (Maassen, 1890), n. comb., H. lydia (Möschler, 1880), n. comb., H. metopis (Hampson, 1913), n. comb., H. laurena (Schaus, 1906), n. comb., Pseudyrias eugrapha (Dognin, 1914), n. comb., P. olearos (Schaus, 1913) n. comb., Matigramma argentogrisea (Draudt, 1940), n. comb., Orodesma nigrescens (Schaus, 1912), n. comb., Safidia holologica (Dyar, 1920), n. comb. Deux nouvelles mises en synonymie sont effectuées : Safia metopis Hampson, 1913, n. syn. de Helia compotrix Hübner, 1818, et Homoptera lydia Möschler, 1880, n. syn. de Homoptera pacifica Walker, 1858.

MITARAKA

Cette première partie concerne les genres Myrmecopsis, Sphecosoma, Leucotmemis et Cosmosoma. Trois nouvelles espèces sont décrites : Myrmecopsis wayampica, Leucotmemis interna et Cosmosoma colleti. Une quatrième espèce, Leucotmemis dorsalis (Walker, 1854), est nouvelle pour la Guyane.

MITARAKA

Un inventaire des insectes du massif du Mitaraka, au sud de la Guyane, a été réalisé du 11 au 21 août 2015 par la Société entomologique Antilles-Guyane (SEAG) dans le cadre de l’expédition MNHN-La Planète Revisitée (accord n° APA 973-2). Des chenilles myrmécophiles et anthophages y ont été trouvées associées à une liane herbacée : Dioclea guianensis Benth. (Fabaceae), très présente sur les inselbergs proches du camp de base. L’élevage a pu se poursuivre en utilisant comme plante nourricière de substitution Dioclea virgata (Rich.) Amshoff, espèce proche et très abondante sur le littoral guyanais. De nouvelles chenilles de Lycaenidae et de Riodinidae, des mêmes espèces que celles récoltées au Mitaraka, ainsi que celle d’un Riodinidae d’une autre espèce, ont été trouvées à l’occasion de la récolte de cette dernière plante dans la région de Cayenne. L’élevage a permis d’obtenir les imagos de sept espèces de Lycaenidae, deux espèces de Riodinidae (Lepidoptera) et de quatre parasitoïdes (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Quatre cas de polychromatisme larvaire en relation avec la couleur de la partie de la plante consommée sont présentés dans ce travail. Les chenilles au dernier stade, les chrysalides et les imagos mâles et femelles sont illustrés ; la répartition des espèces est donnée.

MITARAKA

Two new species of Euptychia are described: Euptychia audacia Brévignon, Fratello & Nakahara n. sp. and Euptychia aquila Fratello, Nakahara & Brévignon n. sp. These two taxa, the recently described Euptychia marceli Brévignon, 2005 and E. roraima Nakahara, Fratello & Harvey, 2014, a quartet of Euptychia from the Guiana Shield region, are compared morphologically. New information on E. marceli Brévignon, 2005 is revealed, and the taxonomic status of E. rufocincta Weymer, 1911 is discussed including its possible synonymy with E. picea Butler, 1867.

MITARAKA

This paper provides a revision of the Bertholdia’s species currently known from French Guiana. it is based on the Hervé de Toulgoët collection (MNHN, Paris) and on the material collected by the author in 2015. it deals with the systematics of the species of the B. albipuncta group. Three new taxa are described: B. neglecta n. sp., B. moutouchi n. sp. (with information on its distribution in Latin America), and B. rawlinsi n. sp. (based on previously unidentified specimens in Toulgoët collection). Moreover, B. flavidorsata Hampson, 1901, is newly reported from French Guiana. The presence of B. fumida Schaus, 1910, in this French department is questioned.

MITARAKA

The author describes the genus Ruforbifer and places in it four South American species, three of which are new to science. He defines and delimits his new genus, taking account of already known genera, and describes three new taxa from French Guiana, comparing them with the taxon ocellatus Hampson (described from Brazil).

MITARAKA

One new genus and nine new species of Apatelodidae, collected in French Guiana, bolivia, brazil, Costa rica, Panama, Paraguay and Venezuela, are described and holotypes are illustrated together with their genitalia. All holotypes will be deposited in various national museums: the National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France, the Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, brazil, the Collection Padre Jesus S. Moure, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, brazil, and the Museo Nacional, San José, Costa rica. The sequences of the COi gene are available for seven of these new species.

MITARAKA

Two new species of the genus Neonerita are described from Guatemala and French Guiana: Neonerita bernardoespinozai sp. nov. and Neonerita martinezi sp. nov. Detailed species descriptions are based upon morphological and molecular characters as well as distribution data. These new taxa are discussed and compared to Neonerita dorsipuncta, species with which both new species were confused with up to now.

MITARAKA

Dans le cadre de l’élaboration du référentiel taxinomique national (TAXREF), géré par le MNHN à Paris, une liste des espèces du genre Oospila présentes en Guyane est dressée pour la première fois. Elle regroupe à ce jour trente-quatre espèces et leurs synonymes, mais il est probable que d’autres taxa viendront l’enrichir, l’inventaire des Géomètres de Guyane étant encore loin d’être abouti. La présence guyanaise des espèces est fondée d’une part sur des mentions issues de la révision du genre entreprise par Cook et SCoBLE en 1995, d’autre part sur les déterminations personnelles de l’auteur effectuées à partir de plusieurs sources photographiques ou de spécimens en collection. Ce travail constitue le deuxième d’une série à venir visant à construire progressivement une liste de référence des Geometridae de Guyane.

MITARAKA

We assess variation of male secondary sexual structures, genitalia, and wing patterns in Theritas lisus (Stoll) and relatives to clarify the species level taxonomy, which is needed for a phylogenetic analysis. Variation in the male ventral hindwing scent pouch was especially useful taxonomically. This pouch may be absent, present without androconia, or present with androconia in T. lisus. Despite this variation, pouch size (when present) distinguishes T. lisus from its closest relatives. As an overview, we propose distinguishing traits for a phenetic T. lisus species group, re-examine and confirm the proposed synonymies of T. hisbon and T. orsina with T. lisus and of T. photeinos with T. viresco, confirm the association of the sexes of T. lisus and T. viresco, and describe Theritas silma Martins, Faynel, & Robbins, new species, from French Guiana. CO1 mitochondrial sequences are consistent with these taxonomic results, but the recently introduced barcode index numbers (BINs) recognized too many species. A nomenclatural list summarizes the taxonomic actions in the T. lisus species group.

MITARAKA

Three new genera of Mimallonidae are described. The monotypic genus Tostallo gen. n. is erected to contain “Perophora” albescens Jones, 1912, which was previously placed in the preoccupied genus Perophora Harris, 1841 and was never formally moved to a valid genus. Perophora is a junior homonym of Cicinnus Blanchard, 1852, but the name albescens is not appropriately placed in Cicinnus due to external and genitalia characteristics entirely unique to the species albescens. The female of Tostallo albescens comb. n. is described and both sexes are figured for the first time. Auroriana gen. n. is erected to contain A. florianensis (Herbin, 2012), comb. n. previously described as Cicinnus florianensis, and two new species: A. colombiana sp. n. from Colombia and A. gemma sp. n. from southeastern and southern Brazil. The female of A. florianensis is described and figured for the first time. Finally, the monotypic genus Micrallo gen. n. is erected to include a new species, M. minutus sp. n. described from northeastern Brazil.

MITARAKA

The mimallonid genus Reinmara Schaus, 1928 is revised. The three previously described species, R. enthona (Schaus, 1905), R. minasa Schaus, 1928, and R. wolfei Herbin & C. Mielke, 2014 are redescribed and the females of each are described and figured for the first time. Additionally, we describe four new species, two Andean: R. andensis sp. n. and R. occidentalis sp. n., and two Brazilian: R. atlantica sp. n. and R. ignea sp. n.. The new species R. ignea and R. atlantica are likely of conservation concern due to their rarity in collections and their apparent endemism to an endangered biome, the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.

MITARAKA

A new species of Magneuptychia Forster, 1964 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae), Magneuptychia andrei Zacca, Casagrande & Mielke sp. n., is described and illustrated from Venezuela, French Guiana, Trinidad and Tobago and northern Brazil. A comparative diagnosis between the new species and Magneuptychia ocypete (Fabricius, 1776), M. fugitiva Lamas, [1997] and Cissia terrestris (Butler, 1867) is also provided due the similarities in wing pattern.

MITARAKA

Ligypterus najtae n. sp., a new species of Neotropical Eneopterinae Saussure, 1874 cricket, is described from Mounts Tumuc-Humac in French Guiana. Description focusses on general morphology, male and female genitalia, and forewing venation. Bioacoustical analyses of the calling song reveal that this species uses high-frequency signals.

MITARAKA

Based on a single male specimen, a remarkable new species of the genus Navicordulia is described from the Massif du Mitaraka in French Guiana (Tumuc-Humac Mountains). Another new species of this genus is also reported from the same locality but is not described. This is the first record of the genus from French Guiana, hitherto being unknown within a radius of more than 1000 km. Apparent rarity or absence of records is probably due to its secretive habits. Navicordulia tumucurakensis sp. nov. presents unique characters not present in other species of the genus including: almost no excavation of the anal angle, proximal sternal pilose ridge of abdominal segment 7 transformed into two large lateral oreillets disconnected from the median carina, additional distal sternal pilose ridge transformed into a medial knob, epiproct not extending beyond the distal half of the cerci, very long cerci surpassing those of described species, cerci lacking ventromedial carina and tubercle and exhibiting a distal ventral brush of hair-like setae. It is a forest species inhabiting hilly landscapes at low altitude, unlike other closely related intertropical species which are encountered in more elevated areas above 850 m. It is most closely related to N. longistyla, a typical cerrado species from the central Brazilian plateau or possibly to N. nitens from the central south Venezuelan Guaiquinima Tepui. Based on unique derived male abdominal structures and also on the female ovipositor and related structures, the South American genus Navicordulia and the Southeast Asian/Melanesian genus Metaphya are considered current adelphotaxa. This disrupted geographic distribution could be explained by a common ancestor having had a Gondwanian dispersal until the Late Cretaceous or Paleocene.

MITARAKA

A revision of the Neotropical species of the braconid wasp genus Pedinotus Szépligeti and molecular characterization of some species based on the COI mitochondrial DNA gene are provided. Twenty four new species are described: P. avispas sp. nov., P. bororo sp. nov., P. botocudo sp. nov., P. brunniventris sp. nov., P. cerdai sp. nov., P. daedalus sp. nov., P. dispar sp. nov., P. dominica sp. nov., P. elongatus sp. nov., P. glabroscutum sp. nov., P. guyanensis sp. nov., P. haliti sp. nov., P. intermedius sp. nov., P. maracas sp. nov., P. nigriceps sp. nov., P. nitidus sp. nov., P. nolli sp. nov., P. peruanus sp. nov., P. plaumanni sp. nov., P. propodealis sp. nov., P. rondoni sp. nov., P. subtristis sp. nov., P. szepligetii sp. nov., and P. trinidad sp. nov. Moreover, P .brasiliensis Szépligeti, 1902, P. columbianus Enderlein, 1912, P. ferrugineus (Enderlein, 1920), P. niger Marsh 2002, P. pardalotus Marsh 2002, P. rojasi Marsh 2002, P. tundisii Felix et Penteado-Dias, 2004 and P. variegatus Marsh 2002 are redescribed. The following new synonyms are proposed: Lamquetia Braet, Barbalho et Achterberg, 2003 under Pedinotus Szépligeti, 1902 (syn. nov.); L. marshi Braet et Barbalho, 2003 and P. fasciatus Castro, Nunes et Penteado-Dias, 2010 under P. pardalotus Marsh, 2003 (syn. nov.). The following new combination is suggested: P. rufus (Braet et van Achterberg, 2003), comb. nov. (from Lamquetia rufa). A key to the Neotropical species of Pedinotus is provided.

MITARAKA

Freshwater ecology templates were developed in temperate streams, but whether they also apply to tropical streams that harbour a higher biological diversity than their temperate counterparts remains uncertain. This is particularly true for tropical fish assemblages inhabiting small streams that have been less studied than larger, higher-order lowland streams. Here, we disentangled the strength of spatial (longitudinal and environmental) drivers, and scale-specific (drainage basin, reach and local scale) determinants of species richness and composition of freshwater fish assemblages inhabiting small streams in French Guiana. We found that species richness increased from upstream to downstream but also with increasing local habitat structural diversity independently of stream position in the upstream–downstream gradient. This pattern was shared by the two most speciose fish orders (Characiformes and Siluriformes), demonstrating that species addition rather than species replacement shaped species richness in these assemblages. Species composition of fish assemblages was determined equally by their spatial structure within drainage and by the environment, and assemblages differed both with distance and along an upstream–downstream gradient. The environmental effect on species assemblages indicated by the fact that almost all environmental descriptors had slight but nonetheless significant effects on assemblage composition, probably reflecting species-specific responses to the local environment. In contrast, despite a strong micro-endemism between drainages for some taxa, assemblages were only slightly affected by river drainage identity, since widespread species were a common constituent of assemblages in all rivers. We identified five species assemblages characterising different local habitat features from torrential areas to lowland muddy areas. We also distinguished fish assemblages from confluence areas with larger rivers, which differed from the other five assemblages. The fish zonation patterns we report can constitute a benchmark for future studies measuring the impact of anthropogenic disturbances on Neotropical forest streams.

MITARAKA

Delineating biogeographical regions can provide important insights into the processes shaping large‐scale species distribution patterns. Here we aimed to 1) identify global marine benthic biogeographical regions for ophiuroids extending from shallow waters to the deep sea and 2) quantify the importance of contemporary environmental conditions and geological features in shaping the delineated biogeographical regions. We delineated marine benthic biogeographical regions using a bipartite network analysis applied to a historical dataset of brittle stars. We then examined the faunal exchanges between the regions, and applied random forest models to evaluate the relative role of contemporary environmental conditions and tectonic configuration underlying the proposed biogeographic scheme. We propose ten main large biogeographical regions across the benthos. The biogeographical regions with the highest species richness and endemicity rates were found in the Indo‐Pacific region, Tropical West Atlantic and Southern Ocean, and South America. The key transition regions fall within the subarctic areas of the Pacific and the waters surrounding Southern Australia and New Zealand. Tectonic configuration, surface temperature and salinity were found to be the most important predictors of the ten delineated biogeographical regions. Our biogeographic delineation, including the deep sea, is in partial agreement with those proposed in previous studies. Our results suggest that contemporary environmental conditions (sea water temperature and salinity) strongly influence the modern distribution of ophiuroids, but that plate tectonics left a marked imprint on regional species pools. Future work based on multiple benthic taxa, and with a better understanding of the environmental conditions in the deep sea, are needed to evaluate the robustness of our proposed division.

ATIMO VATAE, AURORA 2007, AZTEQUE, BATHUS 1, BATHUS 2, BATHUS 3, BATHUS 4, BENTHAUS, BERYX 11, BIOCAL, BIOGEOCAL, BIOPAPUA, BOA1, BORDAU 1, BORDAU 2, CHALCAL 1, CHALCAL 2, CORAIL 2, CORINDON 2, DongSha 2014, EBISCO, EXBODI, GUYANE 2014, HALIPRO 1, HALIPRO 2, KANACONO, KANADEEP, KARUBAR, KARUBENTHOS 2, LAGON, LITHIST, MIRIKY, MUSORSTOM 1, MUSORSTOM 10, MUSORSTOM 2, MUSORSTOM 3, MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 5, MUSORSTOM 6, MUSORSTOM 7, MUSORSTOM 8, MUSORSTOM 9, NORFOLK 1, PALEO-SURPRISE, PAPUA NIUGINI, SALOMON 2, SALOMONBOA 3, SANTO 2006, SMIB 1, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 4, SMIB 5, SMIB 6, TAIWAN 2000, TARASOC, VAUBAN 1978-1979, VOLSMAR, Walters Shoal

Among the thecate hydroids brought back by the Proteus-Guyane 2017 expedition of the Muséum national d’histoire naturelle of Paris, France, from French Guiana, two interesting species are reported upon. The plumulariid Callicarpa gracilis Fewkes, 1881, known so far from the type specimen only, is comprehensively redescribed 140 years after its original description. It adopts two different morphotypes with respect to both its tropho- and gonosome, forming either simple or ramified colonies, with either structurally-complex or rudimentary phylactocarps, respectively. Taxonomic notes on the genera Callicarpa Fewkes, 1881 and Hippurella Allman, 1877 are provided in light of their intricate history of origin and fate, together with the provisional resurrection of Antomma Stechow, 1919, as an allied genus of the former. The aglaopheniid Aglaophenia trifida L. Agassiz, 1862, whose gonosome was only partly documented to date, is redescribed thoroughly based on specimens bearing male and female corbulae. Scanning electron microscopy and molecular data were also used to document both species. A checklist of the thecate hydroids from French Guiana gathered during Proteus-Guyane 2017 and Guyane 2014 expeditions is provided as an appendix, together with brief notes on some species. Not dealing with the present study, but taking advantage of it, a new name, Antennella billardi Galea, nom. nov., is proposed as a replacement name for Plumularia balei Billard, 1911, which is a permanently invalid junior primary homonym of P. balei Bartlett, 1907.

GUYANE 2014, PROTEUS-GUYANE

Transcriptome-based exon capture methods provide an approach to recover several hundred markers from genomic DNA, allowing for robust phylogenetic estimation at deep timescales. We applied this method to a highly diverse group of venomous marine snails, Conoidea, for which published phylogenetic trees remain mostly unresolved for the deeper nodes. We targeted 850 protein coding genes (678,322 bp) in ca. 120 samples, spanning all (except one) known families of Conoidea and a broad selection of non-Conoidea neogastropods. The capture was successful for most samples, although capture efficiency decreased when DNA libraries were of insufficient quality and/or quantity (dried samples or low starting DNA concentration) and when targeting the most divergent lineages. An average of 75.4% of proteins was recovered, and the resulting tree, reconstructed using both supermatrix (IQ-tree) and supertree (Astral-II, combined with the Weighted Statistical Binning method) approaches, are almost fully supported. A reconstructed fossil-calibrated tree dates the origin of Conoidea to the Lower Cretaceous. We provide descriptions for two new families. The phylogeny revealed in this study provides a robust framework to reinterpret changes in Conoidea anatomy through time. Finally, we used the phylogeny to test the impact of the venom gland and radular type on diversification rates. Our analyses revealed that repeated losses of the venom gland had no effect on diversification rates, while families with a breadth of radula types showed increases in diversification rates, thus suggesting that trophic ecology may have an impact on the evolution of Conoidea.

ATIMO VATAE, AURORA 2007, BIOPAPUA, CEAMARC-AA, CONCALIS, ???msg.security.private???, DongSha 2014, EXBODI, GUYANE 2014, ILES DU SALUT, INHACA 2011, KARUBENTHOS 2012, KAVIENG 2014, MAINBAZA, NORFOLK 2, NanHai 2014, PANGLAO 2005, PAPUA NIUGINI, ???msg.security.private???, SALOMONBOA 3, TAIWAN 2013, TERRASSES, ???msg.security.private???

GUYANE 2014

Fissurellidae are marine gastropods with a worldwide distribution and a rich fossil record. We integrate molecular, geographical and fossil data to reconstruct the fissurellid phylogeny, estimate divergence times and investigate historical routes of oceanic dispersal. With five molecular markers for 143 terminals representing 27 genera, we resolve deep nodes and find that many genera (e.g., Emarginula, Diodora, Fissurella) are not monophyletic and need systematic revision. Several genera classified as Emarginulinae are recovered in Zeidorinae. Future work should prioritize emarginuline genera to improve understanding of ancestral traits and the early evolution of fissurellids. Tree calibration with the fossilized birth-death model indicates that crown fissurellids originated around 175 Ma, and generally resulted in younger ages for the earliest nodes than the node dating approach. Model-based biogeographic reconstruction, supported by fossils, infers an Indo-West Pacific origin, with a westward colonization of new oceans via the Tethys Seaway upon the breakup of Pangea. Western Atlantic clades then served as source for dispersal towards other parts of the globe. As the sister group to all other fissurellids, Rimula is ranked in its own subfamily, Rimulinae stat. nov. New synonyms: Hemitominae syn. nov. of Zeidorinae stat. nov.; Cranopsis syn. nov. of Puncturella; Variegemarginula syn. nov. of Montfortula.

ATIMO VATAE, AURORA 2007, CEAMARC-AA, CONCALIS, EXBODI, GUYANE 2014, INHACA 2011, KARUBENTHOS 2, KARUBENTHOS 2012, PANGLAO 2004, PANGLAO 2005, PAPUA NIUGINI, SALOMON 2, TARASOC

Fissurellidae are marine gastropods with a worldwide distribution and a rich fossil record. We integrate molecular, geographical and fossil data to reconstruct the fissurellid phylogeny, estimate divergence times and investigate historical routes of oceanic dispersal. With five molecular markers for 143 terminals representing 27 genera, we resolve deep nodes and find that many genera (e.g., Emarginula, Diodora, Fissurella) are not monophyletic and need systematic revision. Several genera classified as Emarginulinae are recovered in Zeidorinae. Future work should prioritize emarginuline genera to improve understanding of ancestral traits and the early evolution of fissurellids. Tree calibration with the fossilized birth-death model indicates that crown fissurellids originated around 175 Ma, and generally resulted in younger ages for the earliest nodes than the node dating approach. Model-based biogeographic reconstruction, supported by fossils, infers an Indo-West Pacific origin, with a westward colonization of new oceans via the Tethys Seaway upon the breakup of Pangea. Western Atlantic clades then served as source for dispersal towards other parts of the globe. As the sister group to all other fissurellids, Rimula is ranked in its own subfamily, Rimulinae stat. nov. New synonyms: Hemitominae syn. nov. of Zeidorinae stat. nov.; Cranopsis syn. nov. of Puncturella; Variegemarginula syn. nov. of Montfortula.

ATIMO VATAE, AURORA 2007, CEAMARC-AA, CONCALIS, EXBODI, GUYANE 2014, INHACA 2011, KARUBENTHOS 2, KARUBENTHOS 2012, PANGLAO 2004, PANGLAO 2005, PAPUA NIUGINI, SALOMON 2, TARASOC

A review of the literature and examination of over 3,200 specimens of shallow water (<200 m) tropical western Atlantic (TWA) Drilliidae Olson, 1964 in museum and private collections has resulted in the recognition of numerous previously undescribed species, 100 of which are proposed here for the first time. A total of 65 names were found in the literature. Of these, 48 are considered valid, 16 synonyms, and one nomen dubium. In addition, characteristics that distinguish each genus currently in use for TWA shallow water species have indicated the need for reassignment (new combinations within Drilliidae) of 15 species. Some nomenclatural actions have come about from the literature review and include one taxon placed in junior synonymy (under an older name recently re-discovered) and one new name for a junior homonym. Two neotypes, five lectotype designations, and one new name are also proposed. Altogether, nomenclatural actions on 17% of valid previously described taxa are proposed. The 100 proposed names are placed in 12 available and one new genus: Agladrillia Woodring, 1928 (2), Bellaspira Conrad, 1868 (7), Calliclava McLean, 1971 (3), Cerodrillia Bartsch & Rehder, 1939 (11), Clathrodrillia Dall, 1918 (6), Decoradrillia, new genus (4), Douglassia Bartsch, 1934 (4), Fenimorea Bartsch, 1934 (15), Leptadrillia Woodring, 1928 (12), Lissodrillia Bartsch & Rehder, 1939 (8), Neodrillia Bartsch, 1943 (2), Splendrillia Hedley, 1922 (13), and Syntomodrillia Woodring, 1928 (13). These are the first reports of Calliclava in the western Atlantic, previously known only from the eastern Pacific. The new genus, Decoradrillia, is proposed to hold four new species and one existing that share a unique shell microsculpture and other morphological traits. One genus, Drillia Gray, 1838, is not currently believed to have TWA representatives. Three genera comprised exclusively of bathyal species are not treated in this work: Clavus Monfort, 1810 (=Eldridgea Bartsch, 1934), Globidrillia Woodring, 1928, and SpirotropisSars, 1878. The significant increase in species within all of the genera has the effect of strengthening the groups’ diagnostic characters by their presence across a greater number of species. Each of the 148 valid species treated herein are described (or redescribed) and photographs of types presented, as are photographs of morphological variants and representatives from separate geographic areas, if available, to illustrate species’ variability.

GUYANE 2014, KARUBENTHOS 2012

A remarkably high diversity of native small spindle-shells (Gastropoda, Fasciolariidae, Fusininae) has been recently inventoried in the Mediterranean Sea, with 23 species identified based on shell morphology. They have almost invariably been classified in the genus Fusinus, and a few of them recently moved to other genera (Aptyxis Troschel 1868, Aegeofusinus Russo, 2017 and Gracilipurpura Jousseaume, 1880), mostly based on the sole shell features. We have reconstructed a molecular phylogenetic framework for the Mediterranean Fusininae, focusing on native species representative of the genus-level taxa. Our results confirmed that Fusinus s.s. (type species Murex colus Linnaeus, 1758) should be restricted to a group of large-shelled species from the Indo-West Pacific and does not fit any of the small-shelled Mediterranean fusinines. We confirm that Murex syracusanus Linnaeus, 1758 represents a distinct lineage, and show that for all the remaining species the pattern is suggestive of a single monophyletic radiation of small Mediterranean fusinines, for which the name Pseudofusus Monterosato, 1884 must be used

ATIMO VATAE, AURORA 2007, CONCALIS, ???msg.security.private???, EBISCO, EXBODI, GUYANE 2014, KANACONO, KARUBENTHOS 2, KARUBENTHOS 2012, KAVIENG 2014, MIRIKY, NanHai 2014, PAKAIHI I TE MOANA, PANGLAO 2004, PANGLAO 2005, PAPUA NIUGINI, SALOMON 2, SALOMONBOA 3, SANTO 2006, TARASOC, TERRASSES, ???msg.security.private???

Abstract The systematics of the marine mollusc family Velutinidae has long been neglected by taxonomists, mainly because their often internal and fragile shells offer no morphological characters. Velutinids are usually undersampled owing to their cryptic mantle coloration on the solitary, social or colonial ascidians on which they feed and lay eggs. In this study, we address the worldwide diversity and phylogeny of Velutinidae based on the largest molecular dataset (313 specimens) to date, accounting for > 50% of the currently accepted genera, coupled with morphological and ecological data. Velutinids emerge as a diverse group, encompassing four independent subfamily-level lineages, two of which are newly described herein: Marseniopsinae subfam. nov. and Hainotinae subfam. nov. High diversity was found at genus and species levels, with two newly described genera (Variolipallium gen. nov. and Pacifica gen. nov.) and ≥ 86 species in the assayed dataset, 58 of which are new to science (67%). Velutinidae show a remarkable morphological plasticity in shell morphology, mantle extension and chromatic patterns. This variability is likely to be the result of different selective forces, including habitat, depth and trophic interactions.

ATIMO VATAE, BIOMAGLO, BIOPAPUA, CEAMARC-AA, CORSICABENTHOS 1, CORSICABENTHOS 2, CORSICABENTHOS 3, GUYANE 2014, ILES DU SALUT, KANACONO, KANADEEP 2, KARUBENTHOS 2, KAVIENG 2014, KOUMAC 2.1, KOUMAC 2.3, MADEEP, MADIBENTHOS, PANGLAO 2004, PAPUA NIUGINI, SAKIZAYA 2019, SANTO 2006, Tuhaa Pae 2013, ZhongSha 2015

Alongside confirmation of the monophyly of the gastropod family Mitridae, a recent molecular phylogenetic analysis disclosed multiple inconsistencies with the existing taxonomic framework. In the present study, we expanded the molecular sampling to 103 species, representing 26% of the 402 extant species currently accepted in the family and 16 of the 19 currently accepted extant genera; 83 species were sequenced for four molecular markers [cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), 16S and 12S rRNA, and H3 (Histone 3)]. Molecular analyses were supplemented by morphological studies, focused on characters of the radula and, in a more restricted data set, proboscis anatomy. These data form the basis for a revised classification of the Mitridae. A first dichotomy divides mitrids into two unequal clades, Charitodoron and the Mitridae s.s. Species of Charitodoron show profound differences to all other Mitridae in foregut anatomy (lacking an epiproboscis) and shell morphology (smooth columella, bulbous protoconch of non-planktotrophic type), which leads to the erection of the separate family Charitodoronidae fam. nov. Three traditional subfamilies (Mitrinae, Cylindromitrinae and Imbricariinae) correspond to three of the inferred phylogenetic lineages of Mitridae s.s.; we redefine their contents, reinstate Strigatellinae Troschel, 1869 as valid and establish the new subfamily Isarinae. In the absence of molecular material, a sixth subfamily, Pleioptygmatinae, is included in Mitridae based on morphological considerations only. To resolve the polyphyly of Mitra and Cancilla in their current taxonomic extension, we reinstate the genera Episcomitra Monterosato, 1917, Isara H. & A. Adams, 1853 and Probata Sarasúa, 1989 and establish 11 new genera: Quasimitra, Roseomitra, Fusidomiporta, Profundimitra, Cancillopsis, Pseudonebularia, Gemmulimitra and Neotiara in Mitrinae; Imbricariopsis in Imbricariinae; Carinomitra and Condylomitra are left unassigned to a subfamily. Altogether 32 genera are recognized within the family. Their diversity and distribution are discussed, along with general trends in morphological evolution of the family.

ATIMO VATAE, AURORA 2007, BIOCAL, BIOPAPUA, BOA1, CONCALIS, CORAIL 2, EBISCO, EXBODI, GUYANE 2014, INHACA 2011, KARUBENTHOS 2, KARUBENTHOS 2012, KAVIENG 2014, MADEEP, MAINBAZA, MIRIKY, PANGLAO 2004, PANGLAO 2005, PAPUA NIUGINI, SALOMONBOA 3, SANTO 2006, SMIB 4, TARASOC, Tuhaa Pae 2013, ???msg.security.private???

Marginelliform gastropods are a heterogeneous and diverse group of molluscs encompassing over 1,600 living species, among which are the smallest known neogastropods. The relationships of marginelliform gastropods within the order Neogastropoda are controversial, and the monophyly of the two marginelliform families the Marginellidae J. Fleming, 1828 and the Cystiscidae Stimpson, 1865, remains unconfirmed. DNA sequence data have never been used to assess the relationships of the marginelliform gastropods, making this group the only major branch missing in our current understanding of the neogastropod tree of life. Here we report results of the first multilocus phylogenetic analysis of marginelliform gastropods, which is based on a dataset comprising 63 species (20 genera) of Marginellidae and Cystiscidae, and a wide range of neogastropod lineages. The Marginellidae and Cystiscidae form a moderately supported clade that is sister to the family Volutidae. Marginellona gigas appears to be sister to all other marginelliforms. The subfamily Marginellinae was recovered as a well-supported clade, and good resolution of this part of the tree makes it possible to propose amendments to the family-level classification of the group. The relationship between Granulina and other marginelliforms could not be resolved and requires further study. Due to poor resolution of basal relationships within the Marginellidae–Cystiscidae clade, the monophyly of the Cystiscidae was neither confirmed nor convincingly rejected. The shell morphology of most marginellid and cystiscid genera is taxonomically not very informative but, nevertheless, of the traditionally recognized genera only Gibberula and Dentimargo were shown to be polyphyletic. Although a comprehensive systematic revision of the group requires more extensive taxonomic sampling (e.g. with better representation of the type species of nominal genus-group names), our results support the superfamily Volutoidea, comprising four families (Volutidae, Cystiscidae, Marginellidae and Marginellonidae), with the placement of the Granulinidae uncertain for the time being.

ATIMO VATAE, ???msg.security.private???, DongSha 2014, EXBODI, GUYANE 2014, ILES DU SALUT, INHACA 2011, KANACONO, KARUBENTHOS 2, KAVIENG 2014, MADEEP, MADIBENTHOS, MAINBAZA, PAPUA NIUGINI, ???msg.security.private???

Abstract The molluskan order Neogastropoda encompasses over 15,000 almost exclusively marine species playing important roles in benthic communities and in the economies of coastal countries. Neogastropoda underwent intensive cladogenesis in the early stages of diversification, generating a “bush” at the base of their evolutionary tree, which has been hard to resolve even with high throughput molecular data. In the present study to resolve the bush, we use a variety of phylogenetic inference methods and a comprehensive exon capture dataset of 1817 loci (79.6% data occupancy) comprising 112 taxa of 48 out of 60 Neogastropoda families. Our results show consistent topologies and high support in all analyses at (super)family level, supporting monophyly of Muricoidea, Mitroidea, Conoidea, and, with some reservations, Olivoidea and Buccinoidea. Volutoidea and Turbinelloidea as currently circumscribed are clearly paraphyletic. Despite our analyses consistently resolving most backbone nodes, 3 prove problematic: First, the uncertain placement of Cancellariidae, as the sister group to either a Ficoidea-Tonnoidea clade or to the rest of Neogastropoda, leaves monophyly of Neogastropoda unresolved. Second, relationships are contradictory at the base of the major “core Neogastropoda” grouping. Third, coalescence-based analyses reject monophyly of the Buccinoidea in relation to Vasidae. We analyzed phylogenetic signal of targeted loci in relation to potential biases, and we propose the most probable resolutions in the latter 2 recalcitrant nodes. The uncertain placement of Cancellariidae may be explained by orthology violations due to differential paralog loss shortly after the whole genome duplication, which should be resolved with a curated set of longer loci.

ATIMO VATAE, AURORA 2007, BIOMAGLO, BIOPAPUA, CORSICABENTHOS 1, DongSha 2014, EXBODI, ILES DU SALUT, INHACA 2011, KANACONO, KANADEEP, KARUBENTHOS 2, KAVIENG 2014, KOUMAC 2.1, KOUMAC 2.3, MADEEP, MADIBENTHOS, MAINBAZA, NanHai 2014, PAPUA NIUGINI, TAIWAN 2013, Tuhaa Pae 2013, ZhongSha 2015

The present study aims to fulfill the gap of taxonomic knowledge on Triphoridae from Brazil. We describe five new species (Isotriphora uncia sp. nov., Isotriphora leo sp. nov., Monophorus verecundus sp. nov., Sagenotriphora albocaput sp. nov., Similiphora lucida sp. nov.), report five species previously known only from the Caribbean and related areas (Cheirodonta dupliniana (Olsson, 1916), Eutriphora auffenbergi Rolán & Lee, 2008, Isotriphora tricingulata Rolán & Fernández-Garcés, 2015, Marshallora ostenta Rolán & Fernández-Garcés, 2008, Monophorus caracca (Dall, 1927) comb. nov.) and describe six morphotypes at the generic level (Isotriphora sp. 1, Marshallora sp. 1, Nanaphora sp. 1, Sagenotriphora sp. 1, Sagenotriphora sp. 2, Similiphora sp. 1). Remarks are made to some species previously recorded from Brazil, including the invalidation of records, problems of generic allocation and geographical range extensions. Maps of the geographical distribution are provided for the 65 currently recognized species of Triphoridae from Brazil. Of these, 31 species are endemic to Brazil and 58 inhabit the continental shelf vs only seven from the continental slope. A distinct geographical zone occurs in southeastern Brazil. A few species occur exclusively near the mouth of the Amazon River, whereas others inhabit a local biogenic reef, possibly serving as a biogeographical corridor that connects western Atlantic populations. Species of Isotriphora from Brazil are particularly common around oceanic islands, probably due to adopting intracapsular metamorphosis, which may have evolved in more than one evolutionary event.

GUYANE 2014, KARUBENTHOS 2012

Trois nouvelles espèces de Muricidae ont été collectées au cours de l’expédition « La Planète Revisitée » en Guyane Française en 2014-2015. Les deux premières, Phyllonotus guyanensis n. sp. et Phyllonotus salutensis n. sp. appartiennent au genre Phyllonotus Swainson, 1833. Dans la région Atlantique Ouest, cinq espèces sont actuellement répertoriées dans ce genre : Phyllonotus pomum (Gmelin, 1791), P. oculatus (Reeve, 1845), P. margaritensis (Abbott, 1958), P. globosus Emmons, 1858 et P. whymani Petuch & Sargent, 2011. Phyllonotus guyanensis n. sp. décrit ici est comparé à deux espèces proches : P. pomum et P. whymani. Phyllonotus pomum est largement répandu de la Caroline du Nord au Nord de l’Amérique du Sud tandis que P. whymani n’est connu que de sa localité-type, Dry Tortuga, Florida Keys. La deuxième espèce, Phyllonotus salutensis n. sp., est comparée à P. margaritensis des Iles du nord-est du Venezuela, P. globosus de la presqu’île du Paraguana au nord-ouest du Venezuela et P. pomum. Murex mexicanus Petit de la Saussaye, 1852, du Golfe du Mexique, (non Murex mexicanus Stearns, 1894 = Chicoreus maurus (Broderip, 1833)) a toujours été confondu avec P. pomum. Il est ici réhabilité sous le taxon de Phyllonotus mexicanus (Petit de la Saussaye, 1852). Phyllonotus oculatus se distingue de toutes les autres espèces nommées ci-dessus par une protoconque multispirale (Houart, 1987) et n’est pas abordé ici. La troisième espèce est une Favartia Jousseaume, 1880, Favartia charlesi n. sp. Elle est comparée avec l’espèce voisine F. hidalgoi (Crosse, 1869) rencontrée du Golfe du Mexique au Sud du Brésil entre 120 et 400 m de profondeur.

GUYANE 2014, ILES DU SALUT, KARUBENTHOS 2, KARUBENTHOS 2012

A new shallow water species of the lucinid bivalve Pleurolucina is described from Curaçao in the southern Caribbean Sea and compared with known species of the genus from the western Atlantic and eastern Pacific Oceans. Although confused with the Floridian species P. leucocyma, it is most similar to the eastern Pacific P. undata. As in all studied lucinids, the new species possesses symbiotic bacteria housed in the ctenidia. The shell microstructure is unusual with repeated and intercalated conchiolin layers that have sublayers of ‘tulip-shaped’ calcareous spherules. Predatory drillings by naticid gastropods frequently terminate at the conchiolin layers.

GUYANE 2014, KARUBENTHOS 2, KARUBENTHOS 2012

30 new species in the Trichotropid CAPULIDAE in the genera Verticosta, Latticosta n. gen., Torellia and Trichosirius are described from tropical and subtropical deep water of Indo-Pacific and Atlantic Ocean: Verticosta ariane n. sp., Verticosta bellefontainae n. sp., Verticosta milleinsularum n. sp., Verticosta filipinos n. sp., Verticosta plexa n. sp., Verticosta lapita n. sp., Verticosta pyramis n. sp., Verticosta kanak n. sp., Verticosta vanuatuensis n. sp., Verticosta feejee n. sp., Verticosta lilii n. sp., Verticosta sinusvellae n. sp., Verticosta terrasesae n. sp., Verticosta uvea n. sp., Verticosta rurutuana n. sp., Verticosta bicarinata n. sp., Verticosta tricarinata n. sp., Verticosta quadricarinata n. sp., Verticosta cheni n. sp., Verticosta iris n. sp., Verticosta castelli n. sp., Verticosta biangulata n. sp., Verticosta reunionnaise n. sp., Verticosta lemurella n. sp., Verticosta madagascarensis n. sp., Latticosta guidopoppei n. sp., Latticosta tagaroae n. sp., Latticosta magnifica n. sp., Torellia loyaute n. sp. and Trichosirius omnimarium n. sp. Trichotropis townsendi is now Latticosta townsendi n. comb.. Shell material comes from expeditions by MNHN and collections of authors.

ATIMO VATAE, AURORA 2007, BATHUS 1, BATHUS 2, BATHUS 3, BATHUS 4, BENTHAUS, BENTHEDI, BIOCAL, BIOGEOCAL, BIOMAGLO, BIOPAPUA, BOA1, BORDAU 1, BORDAU 2, CONCALIS, EBISCO, EXBODI, GUYANE 2014, HALIPRO 1, INHACA 2011, KANACONO, KARUBAR, KAVIENG 2014, LAGON, LIFOU 2000, MADEEP, MADIBENTHOS, MD32 (REUNION), MIRIKY, MONTROUZIER, MUSORSTOM 10, MUSORSTOM 2, MUSORSTOM 3, MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 6, MUSORSTOM 7, MUSORSTOM 8, NORFOLK 1, NORFOLK 2, PANGLAO 2005, PAPUA NIUGINI, SALOMON 1, SALOMON 2, SALOMONBOA 3, SANTO 2006, SMIB 8, ???msg.security.private???, TAIWAN 2000, TARASOC, TERRASSES

Abstract The superfamily Stromboidea is a clade of morphologically distinctive gastropods which include the iconic Strombidae, or ‘true conchs’. In this study, we present the most taxonomically extensive phylogeny of the superfamily to date, using fossil calibrations to produce a chronogram and extant geographical distributions to reconstruct ancestral ranges. From these results, we confirm the monophyly of all stromboidean families; however, six genera are not monophyletic using current generic assignments (Strombidae: Lentigo , Canarium , Dolomena , Doxander ; Xenophoridae: Onustus , Xenophora ). Within Strombidae, analyses resolve an Indo‐West Pacific (IWP) clade sister to an East Pacific/Atlantic clade, together sister to a second, larger IWP clade. Our results also indicate two pulses of strombid diversification within the Miocene, and a Tethyan/IWP origin for Strombidae—both supported by the fossil record. However, conflicts between divergence time estimates and the fossil record warrant further exploration. Species delimitation analyses using the COI barcoding gene support several taxonomic changes. We synonymise Euprotomus aurora with Euprotomus bulla , Strombus alatus with Strombus pugilis , Dolomena abbotti with Dolomena labiosa , and Dolomena operosa with Dolomena vittata . We identified cryptic species complexes within Terebellum terebellum , Lambis lambis , “Canarium” wilsonorum , Dolomena turturella and Maculastrombus mutabilis . We reinstate Rimellopsis laurenti as a species (previously synonymised with R. powisii ) and recognise Harpago chiragra rugosus and Lambis truncata sowerbyi valid at the rank of species. Finally, we establish several new combinations to render Lentigo , Dolomena , and Canarium monophyletic: Lentigo thersites , Dolomena robusta , Dolomena epidromis , Dolomena turturella , Dolomena taeniata , Dolomena vanikorensis , D. vittata , “Canarium” wilsonorum , Hawaiistrombus scalariformis , Maculastrombus mutabilis , Maculastrombus microurceus .

ATIMO VATAE, AURORA 2007, CONCALIS, CORSICABENTHOS 3, ???msg.security.private???, EXBODI, GUYANE 2014, ILES DU SALUT, INHACA 2011, KANACONO, KARUBENTHOS 2, KARUBENTHOS 2012, KAVIENG 2014, KOUMAC 2.1, MADEEP, MADIBENTHOS, MIRIKY, PANGLAO 2004, PAPUA NIUGINI, SANTO 2006, Tuhaa Pae 2013

In the course of preparation of a new molecular phylogeny of Conoidea based on exon-capture some new species and species with notable morphology were revealed. The taxonomy of these species is discussed and the radula of most of them illustrated for the first time. New genera are described: Comispira gen. nov. (Cochlespiridae), type species Leucosyrinx mai Li et Li, 2008; Pagodaturris gen. nov. (Clavatulidae), type species Pleurotoma molengraaffi Tesch, 1915. New species described: Comispira compta gen. et sp. nov., Sibogasyrinx sangeri sp. nov. (both Cochlespiridae), Pagodaturris philippinensis gen. et sp. nov. (Clavatulidae), Horaiclavus micans sp. nov., Iwaoa invenusta sp. nov. (both Horaiclavidae), Lucerapex cracens sp. nov., Lucerapex laevicarinatus sp. nov. (Turridae), Heteroturris kanacospira sp. nov. (Borsoniidae). Epideira Hedley, 1918 is reallocated from Pseudomelatomidae to Horaiclavidae. The radulae of Kuroshioturris nipponica (Shuto, 1961) (Turridae), Leucosyrinx verrillii (Dall, 1881), and Leucosyrinx luzonica (Powell, 1969) comb. nov. are illustrated for the first time.

AURORA 2007, BIOPAPUA, CEAMARC-AA, CONCALIS, DongSha 2014, EBISCO, EXBODI, GUYANE 2014, INHACA 2011, KARUBENTHOS 2, MADEEP, NanHai 2014, PANGLAO 2004, PANGLAO 2005, PAPUA NIUGINI, SALOMON 2, SALOMONBOA 3, SANTO 2006, ZhongSha 2015

A series of deep-sea expeditions in southeastern Australia has produced a considerable amount of conoidean (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) material suitable for molecular and morpho-anatomical study. Previous and ongoing studies have revealed the Raphitomidae to be particularly diverse in the deep waters of this region. Here, we continue our conoidean investigation, focussing on the genera Comispira (Cochlespiridae) and Leucosyrinx (Pseudomelatomidae). We subjected two cytochrome oxidase subunit DNA sequence datasets of Conoidea to Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD), which recognised a total of 18 primary species hypotheses (PSHs) among our target genera as well as from the cochlespirid genera Sibogasyrinx and Aforia. Following additional evaluation of shell and radular features, as well as examination of geographic and bathymetric ranges (conducted for PSHs of Australian waters), eight of these PSHs were converted to secondary species hypotheses (SSHs). Of these, three SSHs (one Comispira species, two Leucosyrinx spp.) were recognised as new to science and their full systematic descriptions are provided herein. While we discuss the relatively low diversity of Cochlespiridae compared to most conoidean families, two Comispira species and one species of Aforia are here recorded for the first time from Australian waters.

GUYANE 2014, NanHai 2014

ABSTRACT The family Turridae, once considered to encompass the entire diversity of Conoidea, excluding only the cone shells (family Conidae) and the auger shells (family Terebridae), has undergone significant redefinition based on both morphological and molecular data. Prior to this study, it included 15 Recent genera, comprising 209 species. However, a recent comprehensive analysis of an extensive dataset featuring 3,159 cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequences has unveiled numerous species complexes, new species and previously undiscovered deep lineages. The newly proposed classification of Turridae based on an exon-capture phylogeny recognizes 24 clades, each worthy of genus rank, though only 13 of them had available names. As a result, 11 new genera have been described, namely Thielesyrinx n. gen., Shutogemmula n. gen., Mcleanigemmula n. gen., Pseudogemmula n. gen., Deceptigemmula n. gen., Oliveragemmula n. gen., Powelligemmula n. gen., Kilburnigemmula n. gen., Alisigemmula n. gen., Taylorigemmula n. gen. and Anisogemmula n. gen. With the exception of Thielesyrinx n. gen., species from all of these were previously classified within Gemmula, or Lophiotoma. Notably, some new genera, such as Deceptigemmula n. gen., Kilburnigemmula n. gen., Shutogemmula n. gen. and Taylorigemmula n. gen., cannot be morphologically differentiated, as similar species are found in other genera. Therefore, their distinction relies solely on molecular data. The name Eugemmula is re-instated from the synonymy of Gemmula. Purpuraturris is synonimized with Annulaturris, while Iotyrris with Xenuroturris. In total, we recognize 312 species/primary species hypotheses (PSHs) within the family. Molecular data were obtained for 212 species (among them 15 species complexes comprising in total 45 PSHs), mostly for the first time. A characteristic feature common to the entire family is the position of the relatively narrow anal sinus on the whorl periphery or immediately above it. Radula was examined in representatives of all genera. Although in several cases the radular morphology can aid genus differentiation (e.g. distinguishing Turris from Annulaturris), it is mostly a highly homoplastic structure, with very similar radular types occurring in distantly related genera.

ATIMO VATAE, AURORA 2007, BIOMAGLO, BIOPAPUA, BOA1, CONCALIS, DongSha 2014, EBISCO, EXBODI, GUYANE 2014, INHACA 2011, KANACONO, KANADEEP, KARUBENTHOS 2, KARUBENTHOS 2012, KOUMAC 2.1, MADEEP, MADIBENTHOS, MAINBAZA, MUSORSTOM 9, NORFOLK 2, NanHai 2014, PAKAIHI I TE MOANA, PANGLAO 2004, PANGLAO 2005, PAPUA NIUGINI, SALOMON 2, SALOMONBOA 3, TAIWAN 2004, TAIWAN 2013, TARASOC, TERRASSES, ZhongSha 2015

Abstract The superfamily Buccinoidea is distributed across the oceans of the world from the Arctic Ocean to the Antarctic and from intertidal to abyssal depths. It encompasses 3351 recent species in 337 genera. The latest taxonomic account recognized eight full families. For the first time, the monophyly of the superfamily and the relationships among the families are tested with molecular data supplemented by anatomical and radula data. Five genetic markers were used: fragments of mitochondrial COI, 16S rRNA, 12S rRNA and nuclear Histone 3 (H3) and 28S rRNA genes (for 225 species of 117 genera). Our analysis recovered Buccinoidea monophyletic in Bayesian analyses. The relationships between the formerly recognized families and subfamilies are drastically revised and a new classification of the superfamily is here proposed, now including 20 taxa of family rank and 23 subfamilies. Five new families (Chauvetiidae, Dolicholatiridae, Eosiphonidae, Prodotiidae and Retimohniidae) and one subfamily of Nassariidae (Tomliniinae) are described. Austrosiphonidae and Tudiclidae are resurrected from synonymy and employed in a new taxonomical extension. All but 40 recent genera are reclassified. Our results demonstrate that anatomy is rather uniform within the superfamily. With exceptions, the rather uniform radular morphology alone does not allow the allocation of genera to a particular family without additional molecular data.

ATIMO VATAE, AURORA 2007, BIOPAPUA, BOA1, CEAMARC-AA, CHALCAL 2, CONCALIS, CORSICABENTHOS 1, ???msg.security.private???, ???msg.security.private???, DongSha 2014, EBISCO, GUYANE 2014, ILES DU SALUT, INHACA 2011, KANACONO, KARUBENTHOS 2, KARUBENTHOS 2012, KAVALAN 2018, KOUMAC 2.1, KOUMAC 2.3, MADIBENTHOS, MAINBAZA, MIRIKY, MUSORSTOM 4, ???msg.security.private???, NORFOLK 2, NanHai 2014, PANGLAO 2004, PANGLAO 2005, PAPUA NIUGINI, ???msg.security.private???, SALOMON 2, SALOMONBOA 3, SANTO 2006, TAIWAN 2000, TAIWAN 2004, TARASOC, TERRASSES, Tuhaa Pae 2013, ???msg.security.private???, ZhongSha 2015

The genus Pseudolatirus Bellardi, 1884, with the Miocene type species Fusus bilineatus Hörnes, 1853, has been used for 13 Miocene to Early Pleistocene fossil species and eight Recent species and has traditionally been placed in the fasciolariid subfamily Peristerniinae Tryon, 1880. Although the fossil species are apparently peristerniines, the Recent species were in their majority suspected to be most closely related to Granulifusus Kuroda & Habe, 1954 in the subfamily Fusininae Wrigley, 1927. Their close affinity was confirmed by the molecular phylogenetic analysis of Couto et al. (2016). In the molecular phylogenetic section we present a more detailed analysis of the relationships of 10 Recent Pseudolatirus-like species, erect two new fusinine genera, Okutanius gen. nov. (type species Fusolatirus kuroseanus Okutani, 1975) and Vermeijius gen. nov. (type species Pseudolatirus pallidus Kuroda & Habe, 1961). Five species are described as new for science, three of them are based on sequenced specimens (Granulifusus annae sp. nov., G. norfolkensis sp. nov., Okutanius ellenae gen. et sp. nov.) and two (G. tatianae sp. nov., G. guidoi sp. nov.) are attributed to Granulifusus on the basis of conchological similarities to sequenced species. New data on radular morphology is presented for examined species.

ATIMO VATAE, AURORA 2007, BATHUS 1, BATHUS 2, BATHUS 3, BATHUS 4, BERYX 11, BIOCAL, BIOGEOCAL, BORDAU 1, BORDAU 2, CHALCAL 2, CONCALIS, ???msg.security.private???, DongSha 2014, EBISCO, EXBODI, GEMINI, GUYANE 2014, HALICAL 1, HALIPRO 1, KANACONO, KARUBAR, KARUBENTHOS 2012, KAVIENG 2014, LAGON, LIFOU 2000, LITHIST, MADEEP, MD32 (REUNION), MIRIKY, MUSORSTOM 10, MUSORSTOM 2, MUSORSTOM 3, MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 5, MUSORSTOM 6, MUSORSTOM 7, MUSORSTOM 8, NORFOLK 1, NanHai 2014, PAKAIHI I TE MOANA, PANGLAO 2004, PANGLAO 2005, PAPUA NIUGINI, SALOMON 1, SALOMON 2, SANTO 2006, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 4, SMIB 5, SMIB 6, SMIB 8, TAIWAN 2000, TARASOC, TERRASSES, VAUBAN 1978-1979, VOLSMAR, ???msg.security.private???

The genus Sibogasyrinx has to date included only four species of rare deep-water Conoidea, each known from few specimens. In shell characters it strongly resembles three distantly-related genera, two of which, Comitas and Leucosyrinx, belong to a different family, the Pseudomelatomidae. A molecular phylogenetic analysis of a large amount of material of Conoidea has revealed the existence of much additional undescribed diversity within Sibogasyrinx from the central Indo-Pacific and temperate Northern Pacific. Based on partial sequences of the mitochondrial cox1 gene and morphological characters of 54 specimens, 10 species hypotheses are proposed, of which six are described as new species: S. subula sp. nov., S. lolae sp. nov., S. maximei sp. nov., S. clausura sp. nov., S. pagodiformis sp. nov. and S. elbakyanae Kantor, Puillandre & Bouchet sp. nov. One of the previously described species was absent in our material. Most of the new species are very similar and are compared to Leucosyrinx spp. Species of Sibogasyrinx are unique among Conoidea on account of the high intrageneric variability in radular morphology. Three distinct radula types are found within Sibogasyrinx, two of which are confined to highly supported subclades.

AURORA 2007, BIOPAPUA, BOA1, EBISCO, EXBODI, GUYANE 2014, KANADEEP, KAVIENG 2014, MADEEP, MIRIKY, PANGLAO 2005, PAPUA NIUGINI, SALOMON 2, SALOMONBOA 3, SANTO 2006, TERRASSES

GUYANE 2014

GUYANE 2014

In this study, we delved into the interaction between corallivorous marine gastropods, the muricid Coralliophilinae Chenu, 1859, and their cnidarian food targets. Coralliophilinae is a subfamily of specialised corallivorous caenogastropods that feed by browsing on octocorals or hexacorals. Only sparse information is available on the phylogenetic relationships and the degree of specificity of the trophic relationships within this corallivorous lineage. To address these gaps, we generated the largest molecular dataset to date, comprising two mitochondrial (cox1 and 16S rDNA) and one nuclear gene (ITS2 rDNA) from 586 specimens collected worldwide. The coral hosts of coralliophilines were identified through an integrative approach, combining literature data with new records, employing morphological and/or molecular markers, and incorporating data from DNA barcoding of the snail stomach content. Our comprehensive approach unveiled the existence of numerous cryptic species in Coralliophilinae, while the phylogeny showed that most of the currently accepted genera are not monophyletic. The molecular dating confirmed the origin of the Coralliophilinae in Middle Eocene, with diversification of most lineages during the Miocene. Our results indicate that the subfamily’s ancestor evolved in shallow waters in association with Scleractinia. Through the evolutionary history of Coralliophilinae, multiple host shifts to other cnidarian orders were observed, not correlated with changes in the depth range. The results of diversification analyses within the subfamily further suggest that the association with the host has influenced the evolutionary patterns of Coralliophilinae, but not vice versa.

ATIMO VATAE, BIOMAGLO, CONCALIS, CORSICABENTHOS 2, CORSICABENTHOS 3, EBISCO, EXBODI, GUYANE 2014, INHACA 2011, KARUBENTHOS 2, KAVIENG 2014, LIFOU 2000, MADIBENTHOS, MAINBAZA, MIRIKY, NORFOLK 2, NanHai 2014, PAKAIHI I TE MOANA, PANGLAO 2004, PANGLAO 2005, PAPUA NIUGINI, SANTO 2006, TARASOC, TERRASSES, Tuhaa Pae 2013, Walters Shoal, ZhongSha 2015

GUYANE 2014

Understanding why some groups of organisms are more diverse than others is a central goal in macroevolution. Evolvability, or the intrinsic capacity of lineages for evolutionary change, is thought to influence disparities in species diversity across taxa. Over macroevolutionary time scales, clades that exhibit high evolvability are expected to have higher speciation rates. Cone snails (family: Conidae, $>$900 spp.) provide a unique opportunity to test this prediction because their toxin genes can be used to characterize differences in evolvability between clades. Cone snails are carnivorous, use prey-specific venom (conotoxins) to capture prey, and the genes that encode venom are known and diversify through gene duplication. Theory predicts that higher gene diversity confers a greater potential to generate novel phenotypes for specialization and adaptation. Therefore, if conotoxin gene diversity gives rise to varying levels of evolvability, conotoxin gene diversity should be coupled with macroevolutionary speciation rates. We applied exon capture techniques to recover phylogenetic markers and conotoxin loci across 314 species, the largest venom discovery effort in a single study. We paired a reconstructed timetree using 12 fossil calibrations with species-specific estimates of conotoxin gene diversity and used trait-dependent diversification methods to test the impact of evolvability on diversification patterns. Surprisingly, we did not detect any signal for the relationship between conotoxin gene diversity and speciation rates, suggesting that venom evolution may not be the rate-limiting factor controlling diversification dynamics in Conidae. Comparative analyses showed some signal for the impact of diet and larval dispersal strategy on diversification patterns, though detection of a signal depended on the dataset and the method. If our results remain true with increased taxonomic sampling in future studies, they suggest that the rapid evolution of conid venom may cause other factors to become more critical to diversification, such as ecological opportunity or traits that promote isolation among lineages.

ATIMO VATAE, AURORA 2007, BIOPAPUA, CONCALIS, EBISCO, EXBODI, GUYANE 2014, INHACA 2011, KARUBENTHOS 2, KAVIENG 2014, MADEEP, MAINBAZA, MIRIKY, NORFOLK 2, NanHai 2014, PAKAIHI I TE MOANA, PAPUA NIUGINI, SALOMONBOA 3, SANTO 2006, TAIWAN 2013, TERRASSES

The worldwide distributed neogastropod family Muricidae comprises more than 1800 extant species of whelks, rock-shells, murex-shells, drill-shells, and coral-shells. Despite several attempts at a taxonomic revision based on morphological characters, the systematics of this family is still largely debated. Here, we present a molecular revision of the family Muricidae based on the largest dataset analysed so far, which comprises 384 specimens representing 360 species and includes, for the first time, all the currently recognised subfamilies. A molecular dataset of cox1, 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and 28S rRNA genetic markers and six fossil-based calibration points were used to produce time-calibrated phylogenetic reconstructions, using a Maximum Likelihood approach. Our results confirmed the monophyly of most of the accepted subfamilies, suggested a revision of the taxonomic composition of Muricopsinae and Muricinae, and highlighted some lineages not immediately comprised in any of the recognised subfamilies. The origin and early diversification of the subfamilies of Muricidae occurred between 32 and 60 million years ago.

ATIMO VATAE, AURORA 2007, BIOPAPUA, CONCALIS, EBISCO, GUYANE 2014, KARUBENTHOS 2012, MAINBAZA, MIRIKY, NORFOLK 1, NORFOLK 2, PANGLAO 2004, PANGLAO 2005, PAPUA NIUGINI, SALOMON 2, SANTO 2006, TERRASSES

With 59 Recent species, Bursidae, known as «frog shells», are a small but widely distributed group of tropical and subtropical gastropods that are most diverse in the Indo-West Pacific. The present study is aimed at recon­ structing phylogenetic relationships of bursid gastropods based on extensive and representative taxon sampling. Five genetic markers (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1), 16 s and 12 s rRNA mitochondrial genes, 28 s rRNA and Histone H3 nuclear gene) were sequenced for over 30 species in every known genus but Crossata. Furthermore, we sequenced the complete mt-genome of 9 species (10 specimens) (Aspa marginata, Marsupina bufo, Korrigania quirihorai, Korrigania fijiensis, Tutufa rubeta, Bursa lamarckii, Lampasopsis rhodostoma (twice), Bufonaria perelegans and Bursa aff. tuberosissima). Our analysis recovered Bursidae as a monophyletic group, whereas the genus Bursa was found to be polyphyletic. The genera Talisman and Dulcerana are resurrected and the genera Alanbeuella gen. nov. and Korrigania gen. nov. are described. Dating analysis using 21 extinct taxa for node and simplified tip calibrations was performed, showing a diversification of the group in two phases. Diversification may be linked to tectonic events leading to biodiversity relocation from the western Tethys to­ ward the Indo-Pacific.

ATIMO VATAE, CONCALIS, EBISCO, EXBODI, GUYANE 2014, INHACA 2011, KARUBENTHOS 2, KARUBENTHOS 2012, MAINBAZA, MIRIKY, NORFOLK 1, NORFOLK 2, PAKAIHI I TE MOANA, PANGLAO 2004, PANGLAO 2005, PAPUA NIUGINI, SALOMON 2, SANTO 2006, TERRASSES, Tuhaa Pae 2013, ???msg.security.private???, ZhongSha 2015

The Tonnoidea is a moderately diverse group of large, predatory gastropods with ∼360 valid species. Known for their ability to secrete sulfuric acid, they use it to prey on a diversity of invertebrates, primarily echinoderms. Tonnoideans currently are classified in seven accepted families: the comparatively well known, shallow water Bursidae, Cassidae, Personidae, Ranellidae, and Tonnidae, and the lesser-known, deep water Laubierinidae and Pisanianuridae. We assembled a mitochondrial and nuclear gene (COI, 16S, 12S, 28S) dataset for ∼80 species and 38 genera currently recognized as valid. Bayesian analysis of the concatenated dataset recovered a monophyletic Tonnoidea, with Ficus as its sister group. Unexpectedly, Thalassocyon, currently classified in the Ficidae, was nested within the ingroup as the sister group to Distorsionella. Among currently recognized families, Tonnidae, Cassidae, Bursidae and Personidae were supported as monophyletic but the Ranellidae and Ranellinae were not, with Cymatiinae, Ranella and Charonia supported as three unrelated clades. The Laubierinidae and Pisanianuridae together form a monophyletic group. Although not all currently accepted genera have been included in the analysis, the new phylogeny is sufficiently robust and stable to the inclusion/exclusion of nonconserved regions to establish a revised family-level classification with nine families: Bursidae, Cassidae, Charoniidae, Cymatiidae, Laubierinidae, Personidae, Ranellidae, Thalassocyonidae and Tonnidae. The results reveal that many genera as presently circumscribed are para- or polyphyletic and, in some cases support the rescue of several genus-group names from synonymy (Austrosassia, Austrotriton, Laminilabrum, Lampadopsis, Personella, Proxicharonia, Tritonoranella) or conversely, support their synonymization (Biplex with Gyrineum). Several species complexes are also revealed that merit further investigation (e.g., Personidae: Distorsio decipiens, D. reticularis; Bursidae: Bursa tuberosissima; Cassidae: Echinophoria wyvillei, Galeodea bituminata, and Semicassis bisulcata). Consequently, despite their teleplanic larvae, the apparently circumglobal distribution of some tonnoidean species is the result of excessive synonymy. The superfamily is estimated to have diverged during the early Jurassic (∼186 Ma), with most families originating during a narrow ∼20 My window in Albian-Aptian times as part of the Mesozoic Marine Revolution.

ATIMO VATAE, AURORA 2007, CONCALIS, EBISCO, GUYANE 2014, INHACA 2011, KARUBENTHOS 2, KARUBENTHOS 2012, MAINBAZA, MIRIKY, NORFOLK 2, PAKAIHI I TE MOANA, PANGLAO 2004, PANGLAO 2005, SALOMON 2, SANTO 2006, TAIWAN 2004, TERRASSES, ???msg.security.private???, ZhongSha 2015

New molecular phylogenies of the chemosymbiotic bivalve family Lucinidae, using 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA and cytochrome b genes, include species from genera not previously analysed. Notable additions from Myrteinae are sequences from Rostrilucina, Solelucina and Taylorina species, species of Ustalucina, Gonimyrtea from Leucosphaerinae and additional species of Ctena, Codakia, Lucinoma and Divalucina from Codakiinae. New sequences of Lucininae include the type species of Parvilucina (P. tenuisculpta), Liralucina, Falsolucinoma, Easmithia, Jallenia, Radiolucina and Cardiolucina as well as samples of Loripes orbiculatus from multiple localities. Five major clades, defined as subfamilies, are recognized: Pegophyseminae, Myrteinae, Leucosphaerinae, Codakiinae and Lucininae. Two branches, Fimbriinae and Monitilorinae, are represented by single species. Pegophyseminae are an extremely long-branched group with a sister-group relationship to Leucosphaerinae, while Codakiinae are a sister clade to the Lucininae. In various gene trees, the position of Myrteinae is unstable in relation to Pegophyseminae + Leucosphaerinae, Monitilorinae and Fimbriinae. The Myrteinae are not well resolved, with an ambiguous correlation of molecular and morphological characters. Codakiinae now include Divalucina cumingi, shown to be related to Lucinoma rather than Divaricella and Divalinga of the Lucininae. Leucosphaerinae are a well-supported clade but morphologically disparate, with the positions of Gonimyrtea and Callucina unresolved. Several molecularly distinct subclades are recognized within the Lucininae, especially the Lucinisca, Loripes and Parvilucina groups. Parvilucina species are paraphyletic with P. tenuisculpta, the type species, distinct from the western Atlantic species. Codakia, Ctena and Pegophysema have pan-tropical distributions with former connections disrupted by vicariant events of the closure of the eastern Tethyan and Central American Seaways. Species of Radiolucina, Pleurolucina and Lucinisca are present on either side of the Isthmus of Panama. A new classification of the 96 living lucinid genera is presented, providing a framework for future studies of systematics, ecology, biogeography and bacterial symbioses.

ATIMO VATAE, BIOPAPUA, DongSha 2014, EBISCO, EXBODI, GUYANE 2014, ILES DU SALUT, INHACA 2011, KARUBAR, KARUBENTHOS 2012, KAVIENG 2014, KOUMAC 2.3, LAGON, MADEEP, MIRIKY, PANGLAO 2004, PANGLAO 2005, PAPUA NIUGINI, SALOMON 1, SALOMON 2, SALOMONBOA 3, SANTO 2006, TERRASSES, ZhongSha 2015

Intensive sampling of molluscs from the intertidal to depths of 800 m around the islands of Guadeloupe in the Lesser Antilles (KARUBENTHOS 2012, 2015) recovered 25 species of Lucinidae. All the Guadeloupe species are described and illustrated including details of larval shells and the taxonomy revised within the context of the wider western Atlantic fauna and recent classifications. Concurrent molecular analysis has helped separate frequently confounded species. ‘Myrtea’ pristiphora is placed in the Leucosphaerine genus Myrtina previously known from the Indo-West Pacific. A second western Atlantic species of Callucina, C. pauperatus previously known from the Pliocene of Jamaica is recognised from the southern Caribbean and off Brazil. The deeper water species ‘Myrteopis’ lens is placed in Afrolucina previously known from the eastern Atlantic. Lucinids commonly identified as Ctena orbiculata are shown to belong to two distinct species, C. orbiculata in the Gulf of Mexico and Florida and C. imbricatula in the Caribbean. Epicodakia is recognised for the first time in the western Atlantic with E. pectinata widely distributed across the region and E. filiata recorded from deeper water. Three species of Lucina are recognised, Lucina pensylvanica in the Gulf of Mexico and Florida and the similar Lucina roquesana from the Caribbean and Bahamas while the smaller L. aurantia has a wide distribution from central America to the Bahamas. A new species of Parvilucina, P. latens is described; this is similar to P. pectinella but has an internal ligament. The long problematic species ‘Codakia’ cubana is assigned to Ferrocina. A new genus, Guyanella is introduced for Parvilucina clenchi the smallest known lucinid. A critical reassessment of the lucinid fauna of the western Atlantic Ocean identifies 46 species for the region with 33 of these living at depths less than 200 m. Deeper-water habitats have been much less investigated except at sites of hydrocarbon seeps. Some species are widespread throught the whole region but others have more restricted ranges. Notable are species pairs, for example of Ctena, Lucina, Lucinisca and Parvilucina that are either largely Caribbean or Gulf of Mexico/Floridian in distribution. Although extralimital, two problematic species from the mid-south Atlantic island of St Helena are refigured and placed in Cavilinga.

GUYANE 2014, ILES DU SALUT, KARUBENTHOS 2, KARUBENTHOS 2012

A new molecular phylogeny of the Lucinidae using 18S and 28S rRNA and cytochrome b genes includes many species from the tropical Western Atlantic as well as additional taxa from the Indo-West Pacific. This study provides a phylogenetic framework for a new taxonomy of tropical Western Atlantic lucinids. The analysis confirmed five major clades—Pegophyseminae, Leucosphaerinae, Myrteinae, Codakiinae and Lucininae, with Monitilorinae and Fimbriinae represented by single species. The Leucosphaerinae are expanded and include Callucina winckworthi and the W. Atlantic Myrtina pristiphora that groups with several Indo-West Pacific Myrtina species. Within the Codakiinae two abundant species of Ctena from the Western Atlantic with similar shells are discriminated as C. orbiculata and C. imbricatula, while in the Indo-West Pacific Ctena bella is a probable species complex. The Lucininae is the most species rich and disparate subfamily with several subclades apparent. Three species of Lucina are recognized in the W. Atlantic L. aurantia, L. pensylvanica and L. roquesana. Pleurolucina groups near to Cavilinga and Lucina, while Lucinisca muricata is more closely related to the E. Pacific L. fenestrata than to the Atlantic L. nassula. A new species of Parvilucina is identified from molecular analyses having been confounded with Parvilucina pectinata but differs in ligament structure. Also, the former Parvilucina clenchi is more distant and assigned to Guyanella.

ATIMO VATAE, BIOPAPUA, EXBODI, GUYANE 2014, INHACA 2011, KARUBENTHOS 2, KARUBENTHOS 2012, MADEEP, PANGLAO 2004, PAPUA NIUGINI

Mud snails (family Nassariidae) represent a highly diversified lineage within the superfamily Buccinoidea. Recent molecular phylogenies contradicted in some instances the traditional nassariid classification and revealed important levels of homoplasy in phenotypic characters. In order to clarify the boundaries of the family Nassariidae, as well as to inquire on the diversification of the cosmopolitan Nassariinae, a robust phylogenetic framework is needed. Here, the near-complete mitogenomes of 31 species representing almost all lineages of Nassariidae plus several buccinoid outgroups were sequenced. All mitogenomes of buccinoids shared the same gene order, which is identical to the consensus reported for caenogastropods. The monophyly of Nassariidae as previously defined was not confirmed. The reconstructed phylogeny revealed distant relationships between the genera Cyllene, Anentome, Tomlinia, Engoniophos, Phos and Antillophos and the majority of nassariids, represented by Nassariinae + Bullia. Within Nassariinae, a robust phylogeny, which recognized a total of seven regional groups, was reconstructed. The West Atlantic/Mediterranean genus Tritia was divided into three clades. The biogeographical analysis together with the inferred chronogram suggested that Nassariinae might have originated during the late Paleocene in the Indo-Pacific region. Subsequent climate change and continental drift events triggered diversification within the subfamily, leading to the worldwide distribution of current genera.

ATIMO VATAE, BIOPAPUA, EXBODI, GUYANE 2014, INHACA 2011, KARUBENTHOS 2012, PAPUA NIUGINI, ZhongSha 2015

Abstract The practice of species delimitation using molecular data commonly leads to the revealing of species complexes and an increase in the number of delimited species. In a few instances, however, DNA-based taxonomy has led to lumping together of previously described species. Here, we delimit species in the genus Cryptogemma (Gastropoda: Conoidea: Turridae), a group of deep-sea snails with a wide geographical distribution, primarily by using the mitochondrial COI gene. Three approaches of species delimitation (ABGD, mPTP and GMYC) were applied to define species partitions. All approaches resulted in eight species. According to previous taxonomic studies and shell morphology, 23 available names potentially apply to the eight Cryptogemma species that were recognized herein. Shell morphometrics, radular characters and geographical and bathymetric distributions were used to link type specimens to these delimited species. In all, 23 of these available names are here attributed to seven species, resulting in 16 synonymizations, and one species is described as new: Cryptogemma powelli sp. nov. We discuss the possible reasons underlying the apparent overdescription of species within Cryptogemma, which is shown here to constitute a rare case of DNA-based species lumping in the hyper-diversified superfamily Conoidea.

ATIMO VATAE, AURORA 2007, BIOMAGLO, BIOPAPUA, CONCALIS, DongSha 2014, EBISCO, EXBODI, GUYANE 2014, KANACONO, KANADEEP, KAVIENG 2014, MADEEP, MAINBAZA, MIRIKY, NORFOLK 2, NanHai 2014, PANGLAO 2004, PAPUA NIUGINI, SALOMON 2, SALOMONBOA 3, TAIWAN 2013, TARASOC, TERRASSES, ZhongSha 2015

ATIMO VATAE, AURORA 2007, BIOMAGLO, BIOPAPUA, BOA1, CONCALIS, CORSICABENTHOS 1, DongSha 2014, EBISCO, EXBODI, GUYANE 2014, INHACA 2011, KANACONO, KANADEEP, KARUBENTHOS 2, KARUBENTHOS 2012, KAVIENG 2014, KOUMAC 2.1, KOUMAC 2.3, MADEEP, MADIBENTHOS, MAINBAZA, MIRIKY, MUSORSTOM 9, NORFOLK 2, NanHai 2014, PAKAIHI I TE MOANA, PANGLAO 2004, PANGLAO 2005, PAPUA NIUGINI, SALOMON 2, SALOMONBOA 3, SANTO 2006, TAIWAN 2004, TAIWAN 2013, TARASOC, TERRASSES, ZhongSha 2015

Ascidians were collected along the shore of Iles du Salut and deeper on the slope in a program of evaluation of the biodiversity in Guiana. Most of the samples belong to already known species from the Caribbean area and Brazilian coast. The colonial forms dominate. The 6 new species have been dredged deeper than 50m but not found by SCUBA divers. In spite of an intensive sampling, the ascidian diversity in Guiana is low with 36 species recorded. This is the result of the abundance of sediment suspended in the water and uniformly deposited on all substrates which affects filtration rate and limits the settling of the ascidian larvae.

ILES DU SALUT

A comprehensive molecular analysis of the deep-sea blind lobsters of the family Polychelidae, often referred to as “living fossils”, is conducted based on all six modern genera and 27 of the 38 extant species. Using six genetic markers from both mitochondrial and nuclear genomes, the molecular phylogenetic results differ considerably from previous morphological analyses and reveal the genera Polycheles and Pentacheles to be para- or polyphyletic. As the splitting of Polycheles has strong support from both molecular and morphological data, two new genera, Dianecheles and Neopolycheles, are erected for those species excluded from the clade containing the type species of Polycheles. The pattern of polyphyly of Pentacheles, however, is not robustly resolved, so it is retained as a single genus. Fossil evidence suggests that fossil polychelids inhabited the deep-sea environments as early as the Early to Middle Jurassic, demonstrating the enduring adaptation of extant polychelid species to deepsea conditions. Time-calibrated phylogeny suggested that modern polychelids probably had an Atlantic origin during the Jurassic period. Since their emergence, this ancient lobster group has continued to diversify, particularly in the West Pacific, and has colonized the abyssal zone, with the deepest genus Willemoesia representing the more derived members among extant polychelids. Differences in eye reduction among extant polychelid genera highlight the necessity for ongoing investigations to ascertain the relative degree of functionality of their eyes, if they indeed retain any function.

???msg.security.private???, BENTHAUS, BORDAU 2, EBISCO, GUYANE 2014, HALIPRO 2, MD28 (SAFARI II), MUSORSTOM 2, MUSORSTOM 7

A comprehensive molecular analysis of the deep-sea blind lobsters of the family Polychelidae, often referred to as “living fossils”, is conducted based on all six modern genera and 27 of the 38 extant species. Using six genetic markers from both mitochondrial and nuclear genomes, the molecular phylogenetic results differ considerably from previous morphological analyses and reveal the genera Polycheles and Pentacheles to be para- or poly­ phyletic. As the splitting of Polycheles has strong support from both molecular and morphological data, two new genera, Dianecheles and Neopolycheles, are erected for those species excluded from the clade containing the type species of Polycheles. The pattern of polyphyly of Pentacheles, however, is not robustly resolved, so it is retained as a single genus. Fossil evidence suggests that fossil polychelids inhabited deep-sea environments as early as the Early to Middle Jurassic, demonstrating the enduring adaptation of extant polychelid species to the deep-sea. Time-calibrated phylogeny suggested that modern polychelids probably had an Atlantic origin during the Jurassic period. Since their emergence, this ancient lobster group has continued to diversify, particularly in the West Pacific, and has colonized the abyssal zone, with the deepest genus, Willemoesia, representing the more ’derived’ members among extant polychelids. Differences in eye reduction among extant polychelid genera highlight the necessity for ongoing investigations to ascertain the relative degree of functionality of their eyes, if they indeed retain any function.

???msg.security.private???, BENTHAUS, BORDAU 2, EBISCO, GUYANE 2014, HALIPRO 2, MD28 (SAFARI II), MUSORSTOM 2, MUSORSTOM 7

The infraorder Stenopodidea is a relatively small group of marine decapod crustaceans including the well known cleaner shrimps, but their higher taxonomy has been rather controversial. This study provides the most comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analyses of Stenopodidea using sequence data from two mitochondrial (16S and 12S rRNA) and two nuclear (histone H3 and sodium–potassium ATPase a-subunit (NaK)) genes. We included all 12 nominal genera from the three stenopodidean families in order to test the proposed evolutionary hypothesis and taxonomic scheme of the group. The inferred phylogeny did not support the familial ranking of Macromaxillocarididae and rejected the reciprocal monophyly of Spongicolidae and Stenopididae. The genera Stenopus, Richardina, Spongiocaris, Odontozona, Spongicola and Spongicoloides are showed to be poly- or paraphyletic, with monophyly of only the latter three genera strongly rejected in the analysis. The present results only strongly support the monophyly of Microprosthema and suggest that Paraspongiola should be synonymised with Spongicola. The three remaining genera, Engystenopus, Juxtastenopus and Globospongicola, may need to be expanded to include species from other genera if their statuses are maintained. All findings suggest that the morphological characters currently adopted to define genera are mostly invalid and substantial taxonomic revisions are required. As the intergeneric relationships were largely unresolved in the present attempt, the hypothesis of evolution of deep-sea sponge-associated taxa from shallow-water free-living species could not be verified here. The present molecular phylogeny, nevertheless, provides some support that stenopoididean shrimps colonised the deep sea in multiple circumstances.

BIOPAPUA, BORDAU 2, EBISCO, GUYANE 2014, KARUBENTHOS 2, KARUBENTHOS 2012, MUSORSTOM 9, NORFOLK 2, PAKAIHI I TE MOANA, PALEO-SURPRISE, PAPUA NIUGINI, SALOMON 2, SANTO 2006, ???msg.security.private???

A new genus of majoid spider crab, Pohleus gen. nov. is established for Pericera septemspinosa Stimpson, 1871 and Pericera heptacantha Bell, 1836, based on morphology and molecular data from the partial sequences of the 12S and 16S mitochondrial genes and the 18S small subunit rRNA nuclear locus. The species are re-described and illustrated, based on material from several localities of the western Atlantic and eastern Pacific oceans. The carapace, antennal and pterygostomial spines, male thoracic sternum and first gonopods are distinctive characters, distinguishing Pohleus gen. nov. from species assigned to Macrocoeloma Miers, 1879, where P. septemspinosus and P. heptacanthus are currently included.

GUYANE 2014, KARUBENTHOS 2

The pantropical genus Palaemonella Dana, 1852 (Caridea: Palaemonidae) currently includes 27 species of free-living and symbiotic marine shrimps. The monophyly of Palaemonella with respect to several closely related genera, however, has been questioned by recent analyses. We tested the monophyly of Palaemonella based on multigene phylogenetic analysis and the genus was revealed to be a paraphyletic assemblage by inclusion of species of the genera Eupontonia Bruce, 1971 and Vir Holthuis, 1952, and two genetic lineages of the western Atlantic Cuapetes americanus (Kingsley, 1878). We recognise one of the latter lineages as the previously described Periclimenes rhizophorae Lebour, 1949. Eupontonia and Vir are synonymised with Palaemonella. We also transfer Cuapetes americanus and Periclimenes rhizophorae to Palaemonella. Species previously assigned to Vir were revised; V. colemani Bruce, 2003, V. orientalis (Dana, 1852), V. philippinensis Bruce & Svoboda, 1984 and V. smiti Fransen & Holthuis, 2007 are regarded as valid species of Palaemonella; Vir longidactylus Marin, 2008 is synonymised with P. smiti; and the status of V. euphyllius Marin & Anker, 2005 remains unresolved. Palaemonella is currently regarded as a taxon with variable states of two main diagnostic characters, i.e. the plesiomorphic mandibular palp (fully reduced in P. americana) and the hepatic tooth (fully reduced in former species of Vir and Eupontonia – evidently due to symbiotic modes of life).

ATIMO VATAE, BORDAU 1, GUYANE 2014, KAVIENG 2014, KOUMAC 2.1, KOUMAC 2.3, MADEEP, MADIBENTHOS, PAKAIHI I TE MOANA, PAPUA NIUGINI, PROTEUS-GUYANE, SANTO 2006

Bioluminescence is a prevalent phenomenon throughout the marine realm and is often the dominant source of light in mesophotic and aphotic depth horizons. Shrimp belonging to the superfamily Oplophoroidea are mesopelagic, perform diel vertical migration, and secrete a bright burst of bioluminescent mucous when threatened. Species in the family Oplophoridae also possess cuticular light-emitting photophores presumably for camouflage via counter-illumination. Many species within the superfamily express a single visual pigment in the retina, consistent with most other large-bodied mesopelagic crustaceans studied to date. Photophore-bearing species have an expanded visual opsin repertoire and dual-sensitivity visual systems, as evidenced by tran­ scriptomes and electroretinograms. In this study, we used immunohistochemistry to describe opsin protein localization in the retinas of four species of Oplophoroidea and non-ocular tissues of Janicella spinicauda. Our results show that Acanthephyra purpurea (Acanthephyridae) retinas possess LWS-only photoreceptors, consistent with the singular peak sensitivity previously reported. Oplophoridae retinas contain two opsin clades (LWS and MWS) consistent with dual-sensitivity. Oplophorus gracilirostris and Systellaspis debilis have LWS in the proximal rhabdom (R1-7 cells) and MWS2 localized in the distal rhabdom (R8 cell). Surprisingly, Janicella spinicauda has LWS in the proximal rhabdom (R1-7) and co-localized MWS1 and MWS2 opsin paralogs in the distal rhabdom, providing the first evidence of co-localization of opsins in a crustacean rhabdomeric R8 cell. Furthermore, opsins were found in multiple non-ocular tissues of J. spinicauda, including nerve, tendon, and photophore. These combined data demonstrate evolutionary novelty and opsin duplication within Oplophoridae, with implications for visual ecology, evolution in mesophotic environments, and a mechanistic understanding of adaptive counterillumination using photophore bioluminescence.

GUYANE 2014

The Monniot collection of copepods associated with ascidian hosts was built up over several decades of field collecting and taxonomic research on ascidians by Drs Claude & Françoise Monniot (MNHN, Paris). This paper describes a total of 84 new species of copepods collected from ascidian hosts and five new genera are established. Prior to this study the family Ascidicolidae comprised two genera accommodating five valid species; here we add two new genera, Hamistyelicola gen. nov. and Bathycopola gen. nov., and eight new species in total. The family Buproridae comprised a single genus consisting of three species; here we add a new monotypic genus, Buprorides gen. nov. The family Botryllophilidae comprised 68 valid species in seven genera and here we add 45 new species; 13 of Botryllophilus Hesse, 1864, nine of Schizoproctus Aurivillius, 1885, three of Haplostomides Chatton & Harant, 1924, 12 of Haplostoma Chatton & Harant, 1924, seven of Haplostomella Chatton & Harant, 1924 and a single new species of Haplosaccus Chatton & Harant, 1924. The Enteropsidae comprised 42 species in five genera and here we add two new genera, Monnioticopa gen. nov. and Periboia gen. nov., plus a total of 30 new species; 15 of Enterocola van Beneden, 1860, two of Enterocolides Chatton & Harant, 1922, five of Enteropsis C.W.S. Aurivillius, 1885, five of Monnioticopa gen. nov., two of Mychophilus Hesse, 1865, plus the type species of Periboia gen. nov. Generic diagnoses are provided for all genera represented in the collection. A further 13 known species are also reported and brief supplementary descriptive notes or full redescriptions are provided, as appropriate.

ATIMO VATAE, BORDAU 1, CEAMARC-AA, CHALCAL 2, CORAIL 2, GUYANE 2014, KARUBAR, LAGON, MUSORSTOM 3, MUSORSTOM 8, SMIB 4

One of the systematically controversial superfamilies in Caridea is the predominately deep-sea or cold water Pandaloidea, largely because this species-rich group of nearly 200 species in 25 genera exhibits a very high diversity of body forms and ecology. Although the relationships amongst the taxa within Pandaloidea have been repeatedly discussed based on morphology, no comprehensive molecular phylogeny exists. In this study, we present the first molecular phylogeny of the group, based on a combined dataset of two mitochondrial (12S and 16S rRNA) and six nuclear (ATP synthase β-subunit, enolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, histone 3, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and sodium–potassium ATPase α-subunit) markers, based on 62 species (about 1/3 of known biodiversity) in 22 genera (88% of genera) of two pandaloid families (Pandalidae, Thalassocarididae) and outgroups from seven other caridean families. With generally high support, the relationships within the clade are fully resolved. Pandalidae is shown to be paraphyletic with Thalassocarididae deeply nested within as a monophyletic group, and the latter is herein considered to be a synonym of Pandalidae. Five major clades are recovered, with the shallow water genera Anachlorocurtis, Chlorocurtis, Chlorotocella and Miropandalus forming a sister clade to the remaining genera. At the genus level, the phylogeny indicates Plesionika, Heterocarpus and Pandalus to be not monophyletic. The validity of Pandalopsis, Stylopandalus and Calipandalus is challenged and these genera are considered herein to be junior synonyms of Pandalus (Pandalopsis) and Plesionika (Stylopandalus and Calipandalus). Although not fully resolved, some evidence potentially considers Nothocaris to be a valid genus. Ancestral State Reconstruction successfully recovered 15 synapomorphies for the major clades, with 11 of them reported to be of systematic significance for the first time.

GUYANE 2014, SMIB 3, TARASOC

Abstract The shrimp genera Ephyrina, Meningodora and Notostomus have an unusual carapace strengthened with carinae and a half-serrated mandible, which may suggest a possible monophyly of this group. Here we test this hypothesis and present the first phylogenetic study of these genera based on 95 morphological characters (all valid species coded) and six molecular markers (71% of valid species sequenced). Representatives of all genera of Oplophoridae (sister to Acanthephyridae) were outgroups, 32 species belonging to all genera and potentially different clades of Acanthephyridae were ingroups. Both morphological and molecular analyses retrieve trees with similar topology. Our results reject the hypothesis of a clade formed by Ephyrina + Meningodora + Notostomus. We show that Ephyrina and Notostomus are monophyletic, both on morphological and on molecular trees, Meningodora gains support only on morphological trees. Evolutionary traits in the Ephyrina and Meningodora + Notostomus clades are different. Synapomorphies are mostly linked to adaptations to forward motion in Ephyrina (oar-like meri and ischia of pereopods, stempost-like rostrum) and to progressive strengthening of the carapace and pleon in Meningodora and Notostomus (net of sharp carinae). Unusual mandibles evolved in the clades independently and represent convergent adaptations to feeding on gelatinous organisms.

ATIMO VATAE, ???msg.security.private???, BIOPAPUA, ???msg.security.private???, GUYANE 2014, KAVIENG 2014, MAINBAZA, MD20 (SAFARI), MIRIKY, MUSORSTOM 2, MUSORSTOM 3, PAPUA NIUGINI, SALOMONBOA 3, Walters Shoal

The western Atlantic Ocean harbors a diverse fauna of squat lobsters, particularly in the family Munidopsidae. This study introduces Munidopsis sedna sp. nov., a species only found in the Gulf of Mexico and the first species reported to be endemic to cold seeps in the western Atlantic. Our investigation incorporates morphological analyses including micro-CT scanning evidence, multilocus molecular phylogeny, and mtDNA phylogeography, as well as ecological data derived from in situ observations and geographic distribution patterns to substantiate the recognition of the new species. Shallow molecular divergences and multiple morphological differences differentiate the new species from its closest relative, M. longimanus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1880). Additionally, we explore the potential scenario for ecological speciation within this newly identified taxon and discuss its significance in the context of conservation efforts in the Gulf of Mexico.

GUYANE 2014, KARUBENTHOS 2

The taxonomy of Munida Leach, 1820 from the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea was studied using a comparative analysis of morphological characters and molecular markers (mitochondrial and nuclear). Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescence and the Poisson tree process models were used to delimit two groups of closely related species associated with uncertain nomenclature and taxonomic status: (1) Munida intermedia A. Milne Edwards & Bouvier, 1899, M. rugosa (Fabricius, 1775), M. sarsi Huus, 1935 and M. tenuimana Sars, 1872 and (2) M. rutllanti Zariquiey-Álvarez, 1952 and M. speciosa von Martens, 1878. We found that M. tenuimana is restricted to northern Atlantic waters (north of approx. 48° N), while Mediterranean and Bay of Biscay specimens previously assigned to this taxon actually belong to a different species, indicating that the name Munida perarmata A. Milne Edwards & Bouvier, 1894 should be resurrected. Furthermore, M. rutllanti is shown to be a junior synonym of M. speciosa, a species that has thus far only been reported along western Africa. In addition, three species are re-described and a key to European Munida is provided. The validity of the morphological characters used to distinguish the different species is discussed. Phylogenetic analyses revealed three independent lineages with unsolved relationships among them, including high genetic distances for some species. These findings indicate highly divergent lineages of the European Munida and several events of colonization along the eastern Atlantic.

GUYANE 2014

Munidopsid squat lobsters are among the most abundant decapods at abyssal depths and the most diverse squat lobster group in the East Pacific region. During recent cruises along the East Pacific, many deep-sea squat lobsters were collected. Among these, we described five new munidopsid species supported both by morphological characters and molecular phylogenetics: Munidopsis girguisi sp. nov., M. nautilus sp. nov., M. testuda sp. nov., M. cortesi sp. nov. and M. hendrickxi sp. nov. We also report new records of several Munidopsis species across the East Pacific that increase the species distribution ranges. Here, we reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of the East Pacific species in relation to other Galatheoidea using one nuclear and two mitochondrial gene fragment(s); we also performed single locus species delimitation analyses to explore the species status of various East Pacific munidopsid taxa. The new taxa were photographed, illustrated and imaged with micro-computed tomography. The phylogenetic results show that: (1) Janetogalathea californiensis, previously included in the family Galatheidae, nests within Munidopsidae; (2) the phylogenetic position of Phylladiorhynchus and Coralliogalathea as belonging in Galatheidae is not supported; and (3) Munidopsis is paraphyletic, agreeing with recent systematic hypotheses. Short genetic distances and species delimitation analyses suggested that a clade mostly constituted by abyssal species might include fewer species than currently considered, as species show a wider geographic range than previously considered, conforming with traditional hypotheses of cosmopolitanisms in abyssal species.

BIOMAGLO, GUYANE 2014, HALIPRO 2, KANACONO, KARUBAR, KARUBENTHOS 2, KAVIENG 2014, MADEEP, MUSORSTOM 9, NORFOLK 2, TARASOC

The family Ammotheidae is the most diversified group of the class Pycnogonida, with 297 species described in 20 genera. Its monophyly and intergeneric relationships have been highly debated in previous studies. Here, we investigated the phylogeny of Ammotheidae using specimens from poorly studied areas. We sequenced the mitochondrial gene encoding the first subunit of cytochrome c oxidase (CO1) from 104 specimens. The complete nuclear 18S rRNA gene was sequenced from a selection of 80 taxa to provide further phylogenetic signal. The base composition in CO1 shows a higher heterogeneity in Ammotheidae than in other families, which may explain their apparent polyphyly in the CO1 tree. Although deeper nodes of the tree receive no statistical support, Ammotheidae was found to be monophyletic and divided into two clades, here defined as distinct subfamilies: Achelinae comprises the genera Achelia Hodge, 1864, Ammothella Verrill, 1900, Nymphopsis Haswell, 1884 and Tanystylum Miers, 1879; and Ammotheinae includes the genera Ammothea Leach, 1814, Acheliana Arnaud, 1971, Cilunculus Loman, 1908, Sericosura Fry & Hedgpeth, 1969 and also Teratonotum gen. nov., including so far only the type species Ammothella stauromata Child, 1982. The species Cilunculus gracilis Nakamura & Child, 1991 is reassigned to Ammothella, forming the binomen Ammothella gracilis (Nakamura & Child, 1991) comb. nov. Additional taxonomic re-arrangements are suggested for the genera Achelia, Acheliana, Ammothella and Cilunculus.

ATIMO VATAE, BATHUS 3, BIOPAPUA, GUYANE 2014, KARUBENTHOS 2012, KAVIENG 2014, MAINBAZA, PAKAIHI I TE MOANA, PAPUA NIUGINI, SANTO 2006

The phylogeny of sea spiders has been debated for more than a century. Despite several molecular studies in the last twenty years, interfamilial relationships remain uncertain. In the present study, relationships within Pyc­ nogonida are examined in the light of a new dataset composed of 160 mitochondrial genomes (including 152 new sequences) and 130 18S rRNA gene sequences (including 120 new sequences), from 141 sea spider mor­ phospecies representing 26 genera and 9 families. Node congruence between mitochondrial and nuclear markers was analysed to identify the most reliable relationships. We also reanalysed a multilocus dataset previously published and showed that the high percentages of missing data make phylogenetic conclusions difficult and uncertain.

ATIMO VATAE, BICOSE, BIOCAL, BIOMAGLO, BIOPAPUA, CEAMARC-AA, EXBODI, GUYANE 2014, ILES DU SALUT, KANACONO, KANADEEP, KARUBENTHOS 2012, KAVIENG 2014, MADIBENTHOS, MAINBAZA, MIRIKY, MONTROUZIER, MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 8, PAPUA NIUGINI, SALOMONBOA 3, TARASOC, Walters Shoal

The New Zealand fauna of the crustacean infraorder Stenopodidea, the coral and sponge shrimps, is reviewed using both classical taxonomic and molecular tools. In addition to the three species so far recorded in the region, we report Spongicola goyi for the first time, and formally describe three new species of Spongicolidae. Following the morphological review and DNA sequencing of type specimens, we propose the synonymy of Spongiocaris yaldwyni with S. neocaledonensis and review a proposed broad Indo-West Pacific distribution range of Spongicoloides novaezelandiae. New records for the latter at nearly 54◦ South on the Macquarie Ridge provide the southernmost record for stenopodidean shrimp known to date.

BATHUS 1, BIOCAL, BIOGEOCAL, BORDAU 2, CALSUB, GUYANE 2014, KARUBENTHOS 2, KARUBENTHOS 2012, MIRIKY, MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 8, PAKAIHI I TE MOANA, PAPUA NIUGINI, SANTO 2006, SMIB 4

We describe and diagnose a new species of Acanthephyra (Acanthephyridae: Caridea: Decapoda) and provide an amended key to all species of the genus. In order to assess the taxonomic position of the new species, we examined and coded 55 characters in available specimens of Acanthephyra and ran morphological phylogenetic analyses. We also used a COI gene marker for molecular analyses of the new species and other available specimens of Acanthephyra. Both analyses retrieved an unexpected grouping of species that contradicted a recently accepted morphological grouping. We tested a new, quantitative, set of characters and found that three of them may explain the molecular grouping of the genus. These characters are linked to: (1) proportions of the 6th pleonic somite, (2) length of the same against carapace length, and (3) length of the same against length of two preceding somites. We suggest that these characters mirror evolutionary traits in Acanthephyra and discuss their possible adaptive sense.

???msg.security.private???, ATIMO VATAE, BENTHAUS, BIOPAPUA, GUYANE 2014, MAINBAZA, MD20 (SAFARI), MD28 (SAFARI II), MIRIKY, MUSORSTOM 2, MUSORSTOM 3, MUSORSTOM 9, SALOMONBOA 3, Walters Shoal

Un inventaire des insectes du massif du Mitaraka, au sud de la Guyane, a été réalisé du 11 au 21 août 2015 par la Société entomologique Antilles-Guyane (SEAG) dans le cadre de l’expédition MNHN-La Planète Revisitée (accord n° APA 973-2). Des chenilles myrmécophiles et anthophages y ont été trouvées associées à une liane herbacée : Dioclea guianensis Benth. (Fabaceae), très présente sur les inselbergs proches du camp de base. L’élevage a pu se poursuivre en utilisant comme plante nourricière de substitution Dioclea virgata (Rich.) Amshoff, espèce proche et très abondante sur le littoral guyanais. De nouvelles chenilles de Lycaenidae et de Riodinidae, des mêmes espèces que celles récoltées au Mitaraka, ainsi que celle d’un Riodinidae d’une autre espèce, ont été trouvées à l’occasion de la récolte de cette dernière plante dans la région de Cayenne. L’élevage a permis d’obtenir les imagos de sept espèces de Lycaenidae, deux espèces de Riodinidae (Lepidoptera) et de quatre parasitoïdes (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Quatre cas de polychromatisme larvaire en relation avec la couleur de la partie de la plante consommée sont présentés dans ce travail. Les chenilles au dernier stade, les chrysalides et les imagos mâles et femelles sont illustrés ; la répartition des espèces est donnée.

MITARAKA

Many Amazonian frog species that are considered widely distributed may actually represent polyspecific complexes.. A minute tree frog from the Guiana Shield originally assigned to the allegedly widely distributed Dendropsophus brevifrons proved to be a yet undescribed species within the D. parviceps group. We herein describe this new species and present a phylogeny for the D. parviceps group. The new species is diagnosed from other Dendropsophus of the parviceps group by its small body size (19.6–21.7 mm in males, 22.1–24.5 mm in females), thighs dorsally dark grey with cream blotches without bright yellow patch, absence of dorsolateral and canthal stripe, and an advertisement call comprising trills (length 0.30–0.35 s) composed of notes emitted at a rate of 131–144 notes/s, generally followed by click series of 2–3 notes. Its tadpole is also singular by having fused lateral marginal papillae and absence of both labial teeth and submarginal papillae. Genetic distances (p-distance) are >5.3% on the 12S and >9.3% on the 16S from D. brevifrons, its closest relative. This species occurs from the Brazilian state of Amapá, across French Guiana and Suriname to central Guyana and is likely to also occur in adjacent Brazilian states and eastern Venezuela. This species is not rare but is difficult to collect because of its arboreal habits and seasonal activity peaks.

MITARAKA

Amphibians are probably the most vulnerable group to climate change and climatechange associate diseases. This ongoing biodiversity crisis makes it thus imperative to improve the taxonomy of anurans in biodiverse but understudied areas such as Amazonia. In this study, we applied robust integrative taxonomic methods combining genetic (mitochondrial 16S, 12S and COI genes), morphological and environmental data to delimit species of the genus Amazophrynella (Anura: Bufonidae) sampled from throughout their pan-Amazonian distribution. Our study confirms the hypothesis that the species diversity of the genus is grossly underestimated. Our analyses suggest the existence of eighteen linages of which seven are nominal species, three Deep Conspecific Lineages, one Unconfirmed Candidate Species, three Uncategorized Lineages, and four Confirmed Candidate Species and described herein. We also propose a phylogenetic hypothesis for the genus and discuss its implications for historical biogeography of this Amazonian group.

MITARAKA

The description of Amazophrynella minuta was published in 1941 by the Swedish naturalist Douglas Melin based on material from Taracuá (Amazonas state, Brazil). This description was very brief and based on the morphology of few specimens with diagnostic characters and color variation not well defined. Moreover, the type series is currently in poor state of conservation. Consequently, taxonomic ambiguity surrounds the nominal taxon A. minuta, which hampers the description of many unnamed congeneric species. Herein, we redescribe A. minuta based on recently collected specimens from the type locality, designate a lectotype, formulate a new diagnosis, provide patterns of morphological variation, measurements and body proportions.

MITARAKA

Lack of resolution on species boundaries and distribution can hamper inferences in many fields of biology, notably biogeography and conservation biology. This is particularly true in megadiverse and undersurveyed regions such as Amazonia, where species richness remains vastly underestimated. Integrative approaches using a combination of phenotypic and molecular evidence have proved extremely successful in reducing knowledge gaps in species boundaries, especially in animal groups displaying high levels of cryptic diversity like amphibians. Here we combine molecular data (mitochondrial 16S rRNA and nuclear TYR, POMC, and RAG1) from 522 specimens of Anomaloglossus, a frog genus endemic to the Guiana Shield, including 16 of the 26 nominal species, with morphometrics, bioacoustics, tadpole development mode, and habitat use to evaluate species delineation in two lowlands species groups. Molecular data reveal the existence of 18 major mtDNA lineages among which only six correspond to described species. Combined with other lines of evidence, we confirm the existence of at least 12 Anomaloglossus species in the Guiana Shield lowlands. Anomaloglossus appears to be the only amphibian genus to have largely diversified within the eastern part of the Guiana Shield. Our results also reveal strikingly different phenotypic evolution among lineages. Within the A. degranvillei group, one subclade displays acoustic and morphological conservatism, while the second subclade displays less molecular divergence but clear phenotypic divergence. In the A. stepheni species group, a complex evolutionary diversification in tadpole development is observed, notably with two closely related lineages each displaying exotrophic and endotrophic tadpoles.

MITARAKA

A new remarkable species belonging to the genus Ananteris Thorell, 1891 (Buthidae) is described from the Mitaraka Massif in French Guiana, a site located near the borders of French Guiana, Brazil, and Suriname. The description of this new species brings further evidence about the biogeographic patterns of distribution presented by most species of the genus Ananteris, which are highly endemic in most biogeographic realms of South America, including the Tepuys and Inselberg Massifs.

MITARAKA

A new genus and species, Spinochactas mitaraka gen. n., sp. n. (Chactidae) are described from the Mitaraka Massif in French Guiana, a site located near the borders of French Guiana, Brazil, and Suriname. The description of the new genus and species brings further evidence of the biogeographic pattern of distribution presented by some elements of the family Chactidae endemic to the Tepuys or to the Inselberg formations of South America. ß 2016 Acade´ mie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

MITARAKA

A synopsis is proposed for all scorpion species collected, up to present, in the Mitaraka Massif in French Guiana, a site located near to the borders of French Guiana, Brazil and Suriname. One new species, Guyanochactas touroulti n. sp. (Chactidae) is described. The description of the new species brings further evidence to the biogeographic pattern of distribution presented by some elements of the family Chactidae endemic to the Tepuys or the Inselberg formations of South America.

MITARAKA

A synopsis is provided for all scorpion species collected in French Guiana, including thorough diagnoses and additional distributional records for each documented species. Four new species are also described in this paper (one Ananteris from northeastern Guiana, two Auyantepuia from central and northeastern Guiana and one Hadrurochactas from western Guiana), raising the total number of species described from French Guiana to 30. Most of the species are illustrated, geographical distribution maps are presented, and a key to the species is proposed.

MITARAKA

This article introduces the biodiversity survey “Our Planet Reviewed” in the south of French Guiana organized in February-March and August 2015. It has enabled more than 50 scientists to inventory the following groups: Actinopterygii, Amphibia, Annelida, Arachnida, Insecta, Mollusca and Squamata, with a particular effort on diverse and little-known orders, such as Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera and Hymenoptera. The forested area under investigation presents a mosaic of hills and inselbergs, with a wide variety of ecosystems. The main objectives were to discover new species for science, report first records for French Guiana, and establish a baseline inventory for biogeographic studies. The organisation of the field trip and post-field phase are supported by coordinators of major taxonomic groups. Authorisations and associated commitments, including Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) are specified. The sampling effort, in terms of number and diversity of methods, is certainly the largest ever made in French Guiana over a short period of time. Thirteen different trap types were used including four types of interception traps and nine types of attraction-based traps. Active research methods (13 techniques) and extraction from the substrate (five techniques, including Winkler sieves, emergence from dead wood, etc.) completed the sampling array. The sample processing procedure describes the difference between active collecting and the longer and more complex process of processing massive samples of traps such as window pane flight intercept traps, Malaise traps, colored pan traps and automatic light traps. After a sorting phase that lasted less than a year for most groups, a network of 165 taxonomic experts was mobilized by the coordinators to study the sorted specimens. The data are stored and managed in an observations database and in the database of the collections of the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (Paris). Data are widely disseminated, notably in France via the Inventaire national du Patrimoine naturel (INPN) and internationally by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). This introductory article will be supplemented by a second paper, which will analyse research results three years after the survey and assess the effectiveness of the expedition in advancing taxonomic knowledge.

MITARAKA