Maurizot P., Cluzel D., Patriat M., Collot J., Iseppi M., Lesimple S., Secchiari A., Bosch D., Montanini A., Macera P. & Davies H.L. 2020. Chapter 5 The Eocene Subduction–Obduction Complex of New Caledonia. Geological Society, London, Memoirs 51(1): 93-130. DOI:10.1144/M51-2018-70
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Convergence and subduction started in the Late Palaeocene, to the east of New Caledonia, in the South Loyalty Basin/Loyalty Basin, leading to the formation of the Subduction-Obduction Complex of Grande Terre. Convergence during the Eocene consumed the oceanic South Loyalty Basin, and the north easternmost margin of Zealandia (the Norfolk Ridge). The attempted subduction of the Norfolk Ridge led eventually to the end-Eocene obduction. Intra-oceanic subduction started in the South Loyalty Basin, as indicated by high-temperature amphibolite (56 Ma), boninite- and adakite-series dykes (55-50 Ma), and changes in sedimentation regime (55 Ma). The South Loyalty Basin and its margin were dragged to a maximum depth of 70 km, forming the high pressure – low temperature Pouébo Terrane and the Diahot-Panié Metamorphic Complex, before being exhumed at 38-34 Ma. The obduction complex was formed by the stacking from NE to SW of several allochthonous units over autochthonous Zealandia, which include the Montagnes Blanches Nappe (Norfolk Ridge crust), the Poya Terrane (crust of the South Loyalty Basin), and the Peridotite Nappe (mantle lithosphere of the Loyalty Basin). A model of continental subduction accepted by most authors is proposed and discussed. Offshore continuations and comparable units in Papua-New Guinea and New Zealand are presented.
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GG (Géologie générale)
Tournadour E., Jorry S., Etienne S., Collot J., Patriat M., BouDagher-Fadel M., Fournier F., Pelletier B., Le Roy P., Jouet G. & Maurizot P. 2021. Neogene to Quaternary evolution of carbonate and mixed carbonate-siliciclastic systems along New Caledonia's eastern margin (SW Pacific). Marine Geology 438: 106524. DOI:10.1016/j.margeo.2021.106524
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Neogene and Quaternary shallow-water carbonate records surrounding New Caledonia main island, Grande Terre, provide a good example for understanding the stratigraphic architecture of tropical mixed carbonatesiliciclastic systems. Due to a southeastern tilt of the eastern margin, the eastern shelf of Grande Terre has been better preserved from erosion than the western part, favouring the development and preservation of shallow-water carbonates. Based on the integration of bathymetric and seismic data, along with paleoenvir onmental and biostratigraphic constraints derived from dredged carbonate rocks, a comprehensive geomor phological and architectural characterization of the offshore eastern margin of Grande Terre has been made. During the Mio-Pliocene, a wide, up to 750 m-thick carbonate build-up developed and extended over at least 350 km from north to south. This Mio-Pliocene build-up, currently lying at 300 to 600 m water depths, is overlain by a Pleistocene-Holocene barrier reef-lagoon complex and associated slope deposits. The switch from aggrading Neogene carbonate banks to backstepping Quaternary platforms likely reflects an increase in accommodation due to a high subsidence rate or to relative sea-level rise, and/or results from a switch in carbonate producers associated with global environmental changes. The internal architecture of the Quaternary barrier reef-lagoon complex is highlighted, especially the development of lowstand siliciclastic prisms alternating with trans gressive shallow-water carbonate sequences. This pattern agrees with the reciprocal sedimentation model typically invoked for mixed sedimentary systems. This stratigraphic pattern is well developed in front of the Cap Bayes inlet in the north of our study area, yet it is not observed southward along the eastern margin. This dif ference suggests that other factors than relative sea-level variations directed the architecture of the margin, such as low terrigenous inputs, lagoon paleo-drainage networks or sediment by-pass towards deep basins.
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GS (Sédiments et roches océaniques)